China–Iran’s 25-Year Deal: The Implication for the Belt and Road Initiative and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

Eslami, Mohammad; Kemie, Joel Anthony

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-6700-9_34

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, Iran is one of the main beneficiaries of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China has also assisted Iran with the transfer of knowledge and technology for its missile development and nuclear program (Currier & Dorraj, 2010; Eslami et al, 2023). The growing relationship between the two states gave China a role to play in the Middle East and obvious economic benefits.…”

Section: Strategic Triangle: the Evolution Of China–iran–russia’s Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The year 2016 was an important milestone, as ‘President Xi Jinping’s visit to Tehran in January 2016 laid the foundations for the Iran–China comprehensive strategic partnership agreement’ (Chaziza, 2020, p. 3). This 25-year Comprehensive Strategic Partnership agreement was signed in 2021 and covered a wide range of economic activities, including oil and mining, banking, and promoting Iranian industrial activity, as well as transportation and agricultural collaborations (AlJazeera, 2021; Eslami & Kemie, 2023, p. 579; The Diplomat, 2021).…”

Section: Strategic Triangle: the Evolution Of China–iran–russia’s Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ‘Soft’ Balancing Ménage à Trois? China, Iran and Russia Strategic Triangle vis-à-vis US Hegemony

Papageorgiou

Eslami

Duarte

2023

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

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The recent rapprochement among China, Iran and Russia reveals the emergence of a new, unexpected, regional strategic triangle with the potential to balance the United States’ dominant position. By focusing on the evolution of this strategic triangle in the post-Cold War period, this article investigates the driving forces that bring the three states together, namely the US power and unilateralism as materialised in NATO’s eastward expansion, the sanctions on Russia after the annexation of Crimea and the war in Ukraine, the sanctions against Iran, the US trade war with China and the hostile US posture during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Drawing on soft balancing theory, this article provides an empirical assessment of China–Iran– Russia strategies in countering the US power. Thus, this article aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by investigating this triangular relationship and its balancing potential under the analytic construct of a strategic triangle. Finally, the analysis demonstrates that the three states have employed soft balancing mechanisms, primarily economic strengthening and entangling diplomacy in international institutions. At the same time, territorial denial was sought on various occasions due to the regional importance of this triangular relationship. In conclusion, the article also offers insights into potential hard-balancing behaviour in the long run.

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Section: Strategic Triangle: the Evolution Of China–iran–russia’s Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategic Triangle: the Evolution Of China–iran–russia’s Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A ‘Soft’ Balancing Ménage à Trois? China, Iran and Russia Strategic Triangle vis-à-vis US Hegemony

Papageorgiou

Eslami

Duarte

2023

Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs

Self Cite

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Conflict in the Insulator State: The Roots of the War in Afghanistan and Prospects Ahead

Jahanbakhsh,

Forte

2023

Contributions to International Relations

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The Security Order in the Persian Gulf and Its Challenges

Mohammad,

Sadeghiaval

2023

Contributions to International Relations

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China–Iran’s 25-Year Deal: The Implication for the Belt and Road Initiative and Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

A ‘Soft’ Balancing Ménage à Trois? China, Iran and Russia Strategic Triangle vis-à-vis US Hegemony

A ‘Soft’ Balancing Ménage à Trois? China, Iran and Russia Strategic Triangle vis-à-vis US Hegemony

Conflict in the Insulator State: The Roots of the War in Afghanistan and Prospects Ahead

The Security Order in the Persian Gulf and Its Challenges

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