This paper attempts to analyze the relationships between the ASEAN-5 countries' business cycles. We examine the nature of business cycles correlation trying to disentangle between regional spillover effects (expansion and recession phases among the ASEAN-5 are correlated) and global spillovers where the business cycles of other countries (China, Japan and the US) play an important role in synchronizing the activity within the ASEAN-5. We employ a time-varying transition probability Markov switching framework in order to allow the degree of synchronization to fluctuate over time and across the phases of the business cycles. We provide evidence that the signals contained in some leading business cycles can impact the ASEAN-5 countries' individual business cycles.Keywords: OCA, East Asia, Business Cycle Synchronization, Monetary Union, Markov-Switching JEL: C32, E32, F33
IntroductionThe question of monetary integration in East Asia has become a highly debated issue since the Asian 1997-98 crisis. According to many economists, the peg of their currencies to the US dollar was a source of financial fragility which led to the crisis. As a result, the leaders in the region wondered about the necessity of adopting cooperative financial and monetary policies to protect their economies against a new exchange rate crisis. 2 Some initiatives were undertaken with the adoption of reforms aiming, on the one hand at restructuring and increasing the depth of the financial systems (Asian Bond Fund and Asian Bond Market Initiative), and, on the other hand, at setting up mechanisms of protection against speculative attacks (Chiang Mai Initiative).