Chip-scale atomic devices

Kitching, John

doi:10.1063/1.5026238

Cited by 456 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…Fig. 6 shows the error signal slope K err versus the spectroscopic signal accumulation time τ d [see (14)]. One can see that the slope increases with increasing signal accumulation time to some value, and then it practically does not change.…”

Section: Phase-jump Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Continuous-Wave Spectroscopy of Coherent Population Trapping at Phase-Jump Modulation

et al. 2020

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A method of dynamic continuous-wave spectroscopy of coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances using phase modulation of the jump type is developed. The time evolution of the spectroscopic signal is investigated. A method for the formation of an error signal for frequency stabilization is proposed. We show that our approach has a reduced sensitivity to the lineshape asymmetry of the CPT resonance. The experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions based on a mathematical model of a three-level Λ system in a bichromatic field. This method can be used in atomic frequency standards (including chip-scale atomic clocks).

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Section: Phase-jump Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An advantage of such devices is a fully optical excitation scheme of narrow rf resonance without a microwave cavity. This allows one to considerably decrease the physical package size (up to the chip scale) and the energy consumption [12][13][14]. At the same time, CPT clocks can have very good metrological characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Continuous-Wave Spectroscopy of Coherent Population Trapping at Phase-Jump Modulation

et al. 2020

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“…Atomic magnetometers have been used in a wide range of applications to detect weak magnetic fields, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) [1][2][3], magnetocardiography (MCG) [4][5][6], and the search for new physics [7,8]. Currently, the most sensitive atomic magnetometer is the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) magnetometer [9], which was first presented by the Romalis group at Princeton University [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Measurement of Electrical-Heating-Induced Magnetic Field for an Atomic Magnetometer

Wang

Yang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Electrical heating elements, which are widely used to heat the vapor cell of ultrasensitive atomic magnetometers, inevitably produce a magnetic field interference. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement method of the amplitude of electrical-heating-induced magnetic field for an atomic magnetometer. In contrast to conventional methods, this method can be implemented in the atomic magnetometer itself without the need for extra magnetometers. It can distinguish between different sources of magnetic fields sensed by the atomic magnetometer, and measure the three-axis components of the magnetic field generated by the electrical heater and the temperature sensor. The experimental results demonstrate that the measurement uncertainty of the heater’s magnetic field is less than 0.2 nT along the x-axis, 1.0 nT along the y-axis, and 0.4 nT along the z-axis. The measurement uncertainty of the temperature sensor’s magnetic field is less than 0.02 nT along all three axes. This method has the advantage of measuring the in-situ magnetic field, so it is especially suitable for miniaturized and chip-scale atomic magnetometers, where the cell is extremely small and in close proximity to the heater and the temperature sensor.

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“…Sensitivities comparable with [2] or even outperforming [3] those of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been reported with SERF magnetometers. Another example is the successful fabrication of atomic magnetometers using the technique of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) [4,5,6,7,8]. MEMS techniques enable chip-scale devices, significantly reducing size and power-consumption of atomic magnetometers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable intrinsic gradiometer for ultra-sensitive detection of magnetic gradient in unshielded environment

Zhang¹,

Mhaskar²,

Smith³

et al. 2020

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate a portable intrinsic scalar magnetic gradiometer composed of miniaturized cesium vapor cells and verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Two cells, with an inner dimension of 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm and separated by 5 cm, are driven by one VCSEL and the resulting Larmor precessions are probed by a second VCSEL through optical rotation. The off-resonant linearly polarized probe light interrogates two cells at the same time and directly reads out the amplitude difference between magnetic fields at two cell locations. The intrinsic gradiometer scheme has the advantage of avoiding added noise from combining two scalar magnetometers. We achieve better than 18 fT/cm/√Hz sensitivity in the gradient measurement. Ultra-sensitive short-baseline magnetic gradiometers can potentially play an important role in many practical applications, such as nondestructive evaluation and unexplode ordnance (UXO) detection. Another application of the gradiometer is for magnetocardiography (MCG) in an unshielded environment. Real-time MCG signals can be extracted from the raw gradiometer readings. The intrinsic gradiometer greatly simplifies the MCG setup and may lead to ubiquitous MCG measurement in the future.Over the last two decades, many breakthroughs have been achieved in atomic magnetometer research. For example, the discovery of the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) phenomenon at high atomic density and low magnetic field leads to a great improvement in the magnetometer noise performance [1]. Sensitivities comparable with [2] or even outperforming [3] those of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been reported with SERF magnetometers. Another example is the successful fabrication of atomic magnetometers using the technique of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) [4,5,6,7,8]. MEMS techniques enable chip-scale devices, significantly reducing size and power-consumption of atomic magnetometers. Chip-scale magnetometers can have sizes approaching 10 mm 3 and dissipate less than 200 mW. Despite all these advances, applications of atomic magnetometers are still limited. Highly sensitive SERF magnetometers require a magnetically shielded environment while chip-scale total-field magnetometers have subpar noise performances [5], although a scalar magnetometer with a sensitivity of 100 fT/√Hz has been demonstrated using a MEMS-based cesium vapor cell [9]. With bigger cells, scalar magnetometers can reach sensitivities of sub-10 fT/√Hz [10] or even sub-fT/√Hz [11]. In practical applications in an unshielded environment, the output noise of scalar magnetometers is often dominated by the background field fluctuation, instead of their fundamental sensitivities. To overcome this problem, a common solution is to set up a gradiometer system using two or more magnetometers [12,13,14]. By taking the reading difference between adjacent magnetometers, this conventional gradiometer configuration suppresses the common field fluctuations at the cost of worsening the fundamental sensitivity by at least a factor...

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Chip-scale atomic devices

Cited by 456 publications

References 244 publications

Dynamic Continuous-Wave Spectroscopy of Coherent Population Trapping at Phase-Jump Modulation

Dynamic Continuous-Wave Spectroscopy of Coherent Population Trapping at Phase-Jump Modulation

In-Situ Measurement of Electrical-Heating-Induced Magnetic Field for an Atomic Magnetometer

Portable intrinsic gradiometer for ultra-sensitive detection of magnetic gradient in unshielded environment

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