Global Natural Product Social feature-based networking was applied to follow the phytochemicals, including nine flavonoid glycosides, six catechins, and three flavonols in Huangjinya green tea. Further, a new 8-O-4′-type neolignan glycoside, camellignanoside A (1), and 15 known compounds (2−16) were isolated through a variety of column chromatographies, and the structure was elucidated extensively by ultra performance liquid chromatography−quadrupole−timeof-flight−tandem mass spectrometry, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear single-quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, 1 H− 1 H correlation spectroscopy, rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Compounds 1 and 2 showed acetylcolinesterase inhibition activity, with IC 50 = 0.75 and 0.18 μM, respectively.