Chitin as a source of energy for rumen ciliates

Miltko, Renata; Kowalik, Barbara; Michałowski, Tadeusz; Bełżecki, Grzegorz

doi:10.22358/jafs/65625/2015

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to the special structure of chitin, many studies have shown its potential as a prebiotic [80,81]. However, based on the research on chitin in ruminants, it has the function of reducing the total VFAs [82], which may have a synergistic effect when digested together with other nutrients, which can become the focus of future research. In summary, supplementation with 15% BSF had a negative impact on ruminal VFA concentration.…”

Section: Vfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) Larvae Addition on In Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Goat Diets

Lu,

Chen,

Paengkoum

et al. 2024

Insects

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The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of BSF on rumen in vitro fermentation gas production, methane (CH4) production, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The experiment comprised four treatments, each with five replicates. The control group contained no BSF (BSF0), and the treatment groups contained 5% (BSF5), 10% (BSF10), and 15% (BSF15) BSF, respectively. Results showed that at 3 h, 9 h, and 24 h, gas production in BSF5 and BSF10 was significantly higher than in BSF0 and BSF15 (p < 0.05). Gas production in BSF5 and BSF10 was higher than in BSF0, while gas production in BSF15 was lower than in BSF0. At 6 h and 12 h, CH4 emission in BSF15 was significantly lower than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the pH of in vitro fermentation after BSF addition (p > 0.05). At 3 h, NH3-N levels in BSF10 and BSF15 were significantly higher than in BSF0 and BSF5 (p < 0.05). At 6 h, NH3-N levels in BSF5 and BSF10 were significantly higher than in BSF0 and BSF15 (p < 0.05). Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFAs in BSF0, BSF5, and BSF10 were significantly higher than in BSF15 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gas production, CH4 emission, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and VFAs were highest in BSF5 and BSF10 and lowest in BSF15.

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Section: Vfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) Larvae Addition on In Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Goat Diets

Lu,

Chen,

Paengkoum

et al. 2024

Insects

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The effect of rumen ciliates on chitinolytic activity, chitin content and the number of fungal zoospores in the rumen fluid of sheep

Miltko

Bełżecki

Herman

et al. 2016

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of selected protozoa on the degradation and concentration of chitin and the numbers of fungal zoospores in the rumen fluid of sheep. Three adult ewes were fed a hay-concentrate diet, defaunated, then monofaunated with Entodinium caudatum or Diploplastron affine alone and refaunated with natural rumen fauna. The average density of the protozoa population varied from 6.1 · 10(4) (D. affine) to 42.2 · 10(4) cells/ml rumen fluid (natural rumen fauna). The inoculation of protozoa in the rumen of defaunated sheep increased the total activity of chitinolytic enzymes from 2.9 to 3.6 μmol N-acetylglucosamine/g dry matter (DM) of rumen fluid per min, the chitin concentration from 6.3 to 7.2 mg/g DM of rumen fluid and the number of fungal zoospores from 8.1 to 10.9 · 10(5) cells/ml rumen fluid. All examined indices showed diurnal variations. Ciliate population density was highest immediately prior to feeding and lowest at 4 h thereafter. The opposite effects were observed for the numbers of fungal zoospores, the chitin concentration and chitinolytic activity. Furthermore, it was found that chitin from zoospores may account for up to 95% of total microbial chitin in the rumen fluid of sheep. In summary, the examined ciliate species showed the ability of chitin degradation as well as a positive influence on the development of the ruminal fungal population.

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Acceptance and forage utilization responses of steers consuming low-quality forage and supplemented black soldier fly larvae as a novel feed

Tasci,

Wickersham,

Drewery

2024

Journal of Animal Science

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As the insect-rearing industry scales in the United States and other developed nations, it has the potential to create multiple product streams (e.g., oil and protein-rich biomass) for existing markets. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) has been identified as a potential livestock feed because it is not expected to compete in the human food sector and its production has a lesser environmental footprint than that of conventional feeds. Existing research on BSFL as feed focuses on full-fat BSFL for poultry and aquaculture. Therefore, the objective of our experiment was to evaluate the viability of defatted BSFL as an alternative protein source for beef cattle consuming forage. Procedures were approved by Texas State University IACUC (#7726). Two experiments were conducted using ruminally cannulated beef steers fed low-quality forage in 5 × 5 Latin squares. Experiment 1 assessed consumption of BSFL as a protein supplement and included five 5-d periods with 3-d for washout and 2-d for measurement of supplement intake and preference. There were five treatments delivered in addition to the basal forage: 100% soybean meal (SBM); 75% SBM/25% BSFL; 50% SBM/50% BSFL; 25% SBM/75% BSFL; and 100% BSFL. Supplement and forage intake did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.45) nor was there a treatment × day interaction (P ≥ 0.45). Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of BSFL supplementation on forage (5.3% crude protein) intake and digestion and included five 14-d periods with 8-d for treatment adaptation, 5-d for measurement of intake and digestion, and 1-d for determination of ruminal fermentation. There were four treatments of supplemental BSFL provided at graded N levels: 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg N/kg BW and one level of SBM at 100 mg N/kg BW. Increasing provision of BSFL linearly increased forage organic matter (OM) intake (P = 0.04), total OM intake (P < 0.01), total digestible OM intake (P < 0.01), dry matter digestibility (P = 0.01), and OM digestibility (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.17) in intake or digestibility between levels of BSFL and SBM. Ultimately, defatted BSFL has potential to replace conventional feeds as a protein supplement without sacrificing forage utilization.

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Chitin as a source of energy for rumen ciliates

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) Larvae Addition on In Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Goat Diets

Effects of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) Larvae Addition on In Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Goat Diets

The effect of rumen ciliates on chitinolytic activity, chitin content and the number of fungal zoospores in the rumen fluid of sheep

Acceptance and forage utilization responses of steers consuming low-quality forage and supplemented black soldier fly larvae as a novel feed

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