Chitin/Chitosan-Active Enzymes Involved in Plant–Microbe Interactions

Fukamizo, Tamo; Shinya, Shoko

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_12

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Most plant chitinases are endochitinases that cleave randomly at internal sites in the chitin polymer (Rathore & Gupta, 2015). By hydrolyzing the cell wall chitinous components of fungal pathogens, plant chitinases release chitin oligomers that trigger the plant defense responses (Fukamizo & Shinya, 2019). Although we do not have direct evidence of the origin of chitobiose and chitotriose in SYMB protocorms, transcriptomic data suggests that they are generated by the activity of plant chitinases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, chitooligosaccharides can be released from chitin by fungal and plant chitinases. Plant chitinases are involved in defense against fungal pathogens because they hydrolyze fungal cell wall chitinous components and release chitin oligomers that trigger the plant immune responses (Fukamizo & Shinya, 2019). Most plant chitinases are endochitinases that cleave randomly at internal sites in the chitin polymer, generating low molecular mass glucosamine multimers (Rathore & Gupta, 2015).…”

Section: Chitin and Chitin-derived Metabolites In Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

et al. 2020

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 All orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for organic carbon, at least during early development. Orchid seed germination leads in fact to the formation of a protocorm, a heterotrophic postembryonic structure colonized by intracellular fungal coils, thought to be the site for nutrients transfer. The molecular mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal interactions and metabolic changes induced by this peculiar symbiosis in both partners remain mostly unknown.  We studied plant-fungus interactions in the mycorrhizal association between the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea and the basidiomycete Tulasnella calospora using non-targeted metabolomics. Plant and fungal metabolomes obtained from symbiotic structures were compared with those obtained under asymbiotic conditions.  Symbiosis induced profound metabolomic alterations in both partners. In particular, structural and signaling lipid compounds sharply increased in the external fungal mycelium growing near the symbiotic protocorms, whereas chito-oligosaccharides were identified uniquely in symbiotic protocorms.  This work represents the first description of metabolic changes occurring in orchid mycorrhiza. These results-supported by transcriptomic data-provide novel insights on the mechanisms underlying the orchid mycorrhizal association and open intriguing questions on the role of fungal lipids in this symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chitin and Chitin-derived Metabolites In Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

et al. 2020

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Screening for Aspergillus fumigatus strain-2T-2 with high chitosanase production activity and its application in chitosan degradation

Yang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology

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Role of the tomato fruit ripening regulator MADS-RIN in resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection

Zheng

Jin

Liu

et al. 2021

Food Quality and Safety

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Tomato MADS-RIN (RIN) transcription factor has been shown to be a master activator regulating fruit ripening. Recent studies have revealed that in addition to activating many other cell wall genes, it also represses expression of XTH5, XTH8 and MAN4a, which are positively related to excess flesh softening and cell wall degradation, which might indicate it has a potential role in pathogen resistance of ripening fruit. In this study, both wild type (WT) and RIN-knockout (RIN-KO) mutant tomato fruit were infected with Botrytis cinerea, to investigate the function of RIN in defence against pathogen infection during ripening. The results showed that RIN-KO fruit were much more sensitive to B.cinerea infection with larger lesion sizes. Transcriptiome data and qRT-PCR assay indicate genes of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and chitinase (CHI) in RIN-KO fruit were reduced and their corresponding enzyme activities were decreased. Transcripts of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), including PR1a, PRSTH2 and APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) including ERF.A1, Pti5, Pti6, ERF.A4 were reduced in RIN-KO fruit comparing to WT fruit. Moreover, in the absence of RIN the expression of genes encoding cell wall modifying enzymes XTH5, XTH8, MAN4a has been reported to be elevated, which is potentially correlated with cell wall properties. When present, RIN represses transcription of XTH5 by activating ERF.F4 a class II (repressor class) ERF gene family member and ERF.F5. These results support the conclusion that RIN enhances ripening-related resistance to grey mould infection by upregulating pathogen-resistance genes and defense enzyme activies as well as reducing accumulation of transcripts encoding some cell wall enzymes.

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Chitin/Chitosan-Active Enzymes Involved in Plant–Microbe Interactions

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea

Screening for Aspergillus fumigatus strain-2T-2 with high chitosanase production activity and its application in chitosan degradation

Role of the tomato fruit ripening regulator MADS-RIN in resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection

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