Chitin Extraction and Synthesis of Chitin-Based Polymer Films from Philippine Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Shells

Kormin

et al. 2020

IJMS

120

Chitin, being the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, has been gaining popularity since its initial discovery by Braconot in 1811. However, fundamental knowledge and literature on chitin and its derivatives from insects are difficult to obtain. The most common and sought-after sources of chitin are shellfish (especially crustaceans) and other aquatic invertebrates. The amount of shellfish available is obviously restricted by the amount of food waste that is allowed; hence, it is a limited resource. Therefore, insects are the best choices since, out of 1.3 million species in the world, 900,000 are insects, making them the most abundant species in the world. In this review, a total of 82 samples from shellfish—crustaceans and mollusks (n = 46), insects (n = 23), and others (n = 13)—have been collected and studied for their chemical extraction of chitin and its derivatives. The aim of this paper is to review the extraction method of chitin and chitosan for a comparison of the optimal demineralization and deproteinization processes, with a consideration of insects as alternative sources of chitin. The methods employed in this review are based on comprehensive bibliographic research. Based on previous data, the chitin and chitosan contents of insects in past studies favorably compare and compete with those of commercial chitin and chitosan—for example, 45% in Bombyx eri, 36.6% in Periostracum cicadae (cicada sloughs), and 26.2% in Chyrysomya megacephala. Therefore, according to the data reported by previous researchers, demonstrating comparable yield values to those of crustacean chitin and the great interest in insects as alternative sources, efforts towards comprehensive knowledge in this field are relevant.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Insects as Alternative Sources of Chitin: An Overview on the Chemical Method of Extraction from Various Sources

Kormin

et al. 2020

IJMS

120

Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

“…Chitosan is produced by alkali deacetylation from chitin [74]. Recently, chitosan has been preferred for use as bioplastics due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, anti-oxidants, and antimicrobial and anticancer properties [74,75]. The chemical structure of chitosan is composed of D-glucosamine N-acetyl-glucosamine subunits.…”

Section: Chitin/chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics

Adrah¹,

Ananey-Obiri²,

Tahergorabi³

2020

“…El Knidri et al developed a method based on microwave irradiation for completing the stages of demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation of shrimp waste, comparing it with traditional methods. Portunus signis shells were employed to prepare LiCl-chitin-based films of comparable tensile strengths to commercially available plastic films (Fernando et al, 2016). The exoskeleton of Norway lobster has also been the subject of a study to obtain chitin and chitosan, performing demineralization with HCl, subsequent deproteinization to chitin with Savinase Ò enzyme and transformation to chitosan with NaOH.…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, crabs are also valuable as starting material for chitin despite their higher content of CaO. Portunus signis shells were employed to prepare LiCl-chitin-based films of comparable tensile strengths to commercially available plastic films (Fernando et al, 2016).…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food waste as a source of value‐added chemicals and materials: a biorefinery perspective

Esteban

Ladero

2018

Int J of Food Sci Tech

126

Summary As the availability of fossil‐based resources declines, there is an impending necessity of finding alternative feedstock able to secure the production of fuels and chemicals. Exploitation of biomass as renewable source of chemicals is an attractive possibility, in particular the one derived from food waste (FW). Every year, large amounts of waste are generated within or at the end of the food supply chain at the consumers use stage and hence its valorisation attracts great attention. FW has proven a valuable feedstock for its exploitation to produce a wide array of intermediates and products with promising applications in industry, owing to their similar performance with respect to established products. These include organic acids and furans (generally used as platform chemicals to further products); polymers like bacterial cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates or chitin; biosurfactants; biolubricants; or nanoparticles. This overview covers the latest trends in chemical, enzymatic and biotechnological processes reported in literature on the production of these chemicals and materials, with a focus on the use of FW as raw material.