“…When the dual-crosslinked hydrogels deform, the weaker non-covalent bonds break to dissipate energy as sacrificial bonds, while the covalent bonds are preserved. Incorporation of one type (e.g., hydrogen bonds [22,23,24], hydrophobic associations [25,26], dipole–dipole interactions [27], host-guest complex interactions [28], metal ions chelation [17], and polymer-nanoparticle interfacial bonds [23,29]) or several types (e.g., hydrogen bonds plus hydrophobic associations [30], hydrophobic associations plus ionic interactions [31], hydrogen bonds plus ionic interactions [32], π–π stacking plus hydrogen bonds [33], and hydrogen bonds plus ion-dipole interactions [34,35]) of non-covalent bonds to a covalent network has been demonstrated as a valid method to fabricate a tough hydrogel.…”