Chitinophaga longshanensis sp. nov., a mineral-weathering bacterium isolated from weathered rock

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, Z29T , was isolated from the surface of weathered rock (potassic trachyte) from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain Z29 T belongs to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae. The genus Chitinophaga, originally described by Sangkhobol & Skerman (1981), is the type genus of the family Chitinophagaceae, which was recently proposed by Kämpfer et al. Strain Z29T was isolated while investigating the bacterial diversity on the surfaces of weathered rocks (potassic trachyte) in Nanjing, China. The dilution plating method with a sucrose-mineral salts medium was used to isolate bacterial strains. The medium for isolation contained (per litre): 10.0 g sucrose, 0.5 g yeast extract, 1 g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 2 g K 2 HPO 4 , 0.5 g MgSO 4 , 0.1 g NaCl, 0.5 g CaCO 3 and 20 g agar. Weathered rock samples were added to flasks containing physiological salt solution (0.85 %, w/v, NaCl) and shaken at 150 r.p.m. for 30 min to allow bacteria to detach from the rock particles. The suspensions were then allowed to stand for about 10 min. Serial 10-fold dilutions of sample suspensions (10 23- 10 25 ) were plated onto agar plates to determine total culturable bacteria. The plates were incubated for 3 days at 28 u C. Strain Z29T was able to weather two silicate minerals, biotite and feldspar, and to release Fe, Si and Al from them. Mineral dissolution experiments showed that the Fe, Si and Al released by strain Z29T from the minerals were increased by 3-to 76-fold, 1.2-to 5-fold and 7-to 15-fold, respectively, compared with uninoculated controls. The strain was routinely cultured on R2A agar media (0.5 g yeast extract, 0.5 g proteose peptone No. 3, 0.5 g casamino acids, 0.5 g glucose, 0.5 g soluble starch, 0.3 g sodium pyruvate, 0.3 g K 2 HPO 4 , 0.05 g

Chitinophaga alhagiae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Alhagi sparsifolia

“…For the time being, there are 27 species of the genus listed on LPSN (List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature: www.bacterio.net). Most of the strains of the genus Chitinophaga were isolated from soil, such as forest soil [4,5], mountain soil [6] and plant rhizosphere soil [7][8][9], and they were also found in river sediment [2], wastewater [10], weathered rock [11], vermicompost [12] and plant [13].…”

Chitinophaga solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

“…At the time of writing, the genus Chitinophaga contains over 30 species listed on LPSN (List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature, www.bacterio.net) with validly published names. The species of the genus Chitinophaga are distributed widely in various ecological habitats, such as soil [2, 3], river sediment [4], wastewater [5], weathered rock [6] and plant [7]. Members of the genus Chitinophaga are Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, filamentous and non-spore-forming [8], commonly with phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown polar lipids as the major polar lipids, iso-C 15:0 , C 16:1 ω 5 c and iso-C 17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids and MK-7 as the major menaquinone [9].…”

Chitinophaga silvisoli sp. nov., isolated from forest soil

“…The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7 (MK-7), the predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified polar lipids, and the main fatty acid profiles include iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and C 16 : 1 ω5 c [3]. Species of the genus Chitinophaga have been isolated from various habitats, such as soil [4, 5], sediment [6], activated sludge [7], rock surface [8, 9], vermicompost [10] and bark [11]. At the time of writing (20 August 2018), the genus Chitinophaga consists of 30 species listed in LPSN (www.bacterio.net/-allnamesac.html) and a validly published species C.…”