Chitosan: A New Topical Hemostatic Agent for Diffuse Capillary Bleeding in Brain Tissue

Brandenberg, Greg; Leibrock, Lyal G.; Shuman, Robert M.; Malette, William G.; Quigley, H. J.

doi:10.1227/00006123-198407000-00004

Cited by 83 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…It is considered as a suitable material for biomedical applications because of its nontoxic character, good biocompatibility, non-antigenicity, antitumor activity, and protein adsorption properties. It promotes cell adhesion and migration, enhances wound healing, and has tunable biodegradation rate by controlling its degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and crystallinity [162][163][164]. Chitosan is tough and flexible, but lacks sufficient strength to be used alone in load-bearing applications.…”

Section: Bioceramic/polymer Composites For Bone Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering

Yousefi

Oudadesse

Akbarzadeh

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Critical-sized bone defects have, in many cases, posed challenges to the current gold standard treatments. Bioactive glasses are reported to be able to stimulate more bone regeneration than other bioactive ceramics; however, the difficulty in producing porous scaffolds made of bioactive glasses has limited their extensive use in bone regeneration. On the other hand, calcium phosphate ceramics such as synthetic hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate are widely used in the clinic, but they stimulate less bone regeneration. This paper gives an overview of the recent developments in the field of bioactive nanoparticles, with a focus on nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses for bone repair and regeneration. First, a brief overview of the chemical structure and common methods used to produce synthetic nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses has been presented. The main body of the paper covers the physical and biological properties of these biomaterials, as well as their composites with biodegradable polymers used in bone regeneration. A summary of existing challenges and some recommendations for future directions have been brought in the concluding section of this paper.

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Section: Bioceramic/polymer Composites For Bone Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering

Yousefi

Oudadesse

Akbarzadeh

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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“…The role of chitosan in aggregating the erythrocytes has been suggested by many authors. 2,4,6,[19][20][21] There could be a change in the surface charge of the chitosan and SAP as it interacts with the blood (pH 7.4) and the response would change with time. Interestingly though, the films have an observed effect upon the aggregation of blood cells.…”

Section: Blood Coagulation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of chitosan films mixed with superabsorbent polymer and evaluation of its haemostatic and antibacterial activities

ElMekawy¹,

Hudson²,

El-Baz

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blended and layered films were developed from chitosan and starch-poly (sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) superabsorbant polymer (SAP) and were tested for haemostasis. The tensile properties of the films are reported. A simple in vitro test was used to peer rank the effect of the films on the ability of chitosan to aggregate blood cells. It was clear that the addition of SAP material to chitosan enhanced the ability of the resulted films to coagulate blood. When chitosan and SAP were blended with a ratio of 1 : 1 (v/v) using concentrations of 1-2% and 0.25-0.5% (v/v) of chitosan and SAP respectively, the resulted films reduced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by 22% as compared to the control, whereas the chitosan and SAP control films reduced ESR by 11% and 22% respectively. Also, the two layered films with 2% (v/v) chitosan exhibited the same percent of reduction. These haemostatic films were further investigated by FTIR, TGA, tensile, antimicrobial ability, and cytotoxicity. Some new peaks were observed by FTIR due to possible interaction between the AOH groups of the starch and ANH 3 þ groups of the chitosan. Also, the films showed good mechanical and thermal properties. Moreover, the films also expressed antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a bacterial reduction of 99%. All the film samples exhibited a viability percentage around 100% with no cytotoxic effect on the cells. Chitosan-SAP films can be described as biofilms with a homogeneous matrix, stable structure, and interesting mechanical properties, with possibilities of utilization in haemostasis.

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“…A similar product, chitosan, was originally developed for use as a topical hemostatic agent (Malette et al, 1983;Brandenberg et al, 1984). Several studies have shown the effectiveness of chitosan alone or combined with other biomaterials for chemoembolization Nishioka et al, 1992;Wang et al, 1995;Denkbas et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial embolization using poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine gel in a rat kidney model

Kang

Moreira

et al. 2005

Anat. Rec.

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Aqueous solutions of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (p-GlcNAc) exhibit a liquid-gel transition at physiological pH and temperature. This feature inspired the authors to conduct a study to evaluate the macro-and histological changes of rat kidneys after embolization using either p-GlcNAc gel injection into the renal artery or ligation of the renal artery. The procedures were performed in 46 rats through open abdominal surgeries. Animals were sacrificed at 3 days and at 1, 3, 5, and 8 weeks postoperatively. The results of both macro-observation and histological study showed that p-GlcNAc gels were effective in causing necrosis and subsequent fibrosis in all embolized kidneys. The data indicate that p-GlcNAc gel may have promise as an effective agent for therapeutic embolization.

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Chitosan: A New Topical Hemostatic Agent for Diffuse Capillary Bleeding in Brain Tissue

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering

Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering

Preparation of chitosan films mixed with superabsorbent polymer and evaluation of its haemostatic and antibacterial activities

Arterial embolization using poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine gel in a rat kidney model

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