Chitosan-alginate beads as encapsulating agents for Yarrowia lipolytica lipase: Morphological, physico-chemical and kinetic characteristics

Pereira, Adejanildo da S.; Diniz, Marianne M.; Jong, Gabriel De; Filho, Hamilton S. Gama; Anjos, M.J.; Finotelli, Priscilla Vanessa; Fontes-Sant’Ana, Gizele C.; Amaral, Priscilla Filomena Fonseca

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.009

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The characterization of microparticles is crucial in the overall encapsulation process because it provides important information for process optimization. The main techniques used to characterize encapsulation systems developed for the trapping of enzymes are usually aimed at evaluating the yield and efficiency of encapsulation, morphological characteristics, and physical aspects [ 13 ].…”

Section: Characterization Of Encapsulation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are the techniques most used for this purpose [ 183 , 184 ]. Pereira et al [ 13 ] used SEM to evaluate the morphology of microcapsules containing Yarrowia lipolytica lipase obtained by the ion gelation technique and observed a collapsed and heterogeneous surface after drying by freeze-drying. This observation was necessary for the authors to understand the significant increase in enzyme activity after the drying process was attributed to the increase in the surface area.…”

Section: Characterization Of Encapsulation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for these uses, a disadvantage would be that physical restrictions do not prevent enzyme leakage. Hence, some strategies to overcome this problem have been proposed, such as the addition of a second polymer [ 13 ]. For controlled release, this characteristic is an advantage used for enzyme delivery [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several enzyme entrapment methods are reported, and they generally involve mixing the enzyme with a monomer solution, followed by polymerization [ 15 ]. Ionic gelation [ 13 ], spray drying [ 16 ], freeze-drying [ 17 ], nanoprecipitation [ 18 ], and electrospinning [ 19 ] are the latest, most used, and efficient methods to encapsulate enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymers as Encapsulating Agents and Delivery Vehicles of Enzymes

et al. 2021

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Enzymes are versatile biomolecules with broad applications. Since they are biological molecules, they can be easily destabilized when placed in adverse environmental conditions, such as variations in temperature, pH, or ionic strength. In this sense, the use of protective structures, as polymeric capsules, has been an excellent approach to maintain the catalytic stability of enzymes during their application. Thus, in this review, we report the use of polymeric materials as enzyme encapsulation agents, recent technological developments related to this subject, and characterization methodologies and possible applications of the formed bioactive structures. Our search detected that the most explored methods for enzyme encapsulation are ionotropic gelation, spray drying, freeze-drying, nanoprecipitation, and electrospinning. α-chymotrypsin, lysozyme, and β-galactosidase were the most used enzymes in encapsulations, with chitosan and sodium alginate being the main polymers. Furthermore, most studies reported high encapsulation efficiency, enzyme activity maintenance, and stability improvement at pH, temperature, and storage. Therefore, the information presented here shows a direction for the development of encapsulation systems capable of stabilizing different enzymes and obtaining better performance during application.

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Section: Characterization Of Encapsulation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Encapsulation Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymers as Encapsulating Agents and Delivery Vehicles of Enzymes

et al. 2021

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“…The amine and carboxyl groups of chitosan and alginate, respectively, can promote through an ionotropic gelation technique a rapid electrostatic interaction leading the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex nanocomposite widely used for wound dressing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery [12][13][14]. Ionotropic gelation consists of the crosslink of both biopolymers in the presence of polyvalent ion compounds such as sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP); however, the polycationic and polyanionic nature of the biopolymers may form a polyelectrolyte complex in aqueous solution spontaneously [12,15]. Therefore, the combination of both biopolymers is shown to be more effective than chitosan or alginate separately, improving the binding performance and stability in acidic and basic environments, which enables more controlled delivery and release of drugs according to the external stimuli, and may be also extended to other characteristics of the environment such as temperature and ion strength [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic Gelation Synthesis of Chitosan-Alginate Nanodisks for Delivery System and In Vitro Assessment of Prostate Cancer Cytotoxicity

Patiño-Ruiz

Marrugo

Reyes

et al. 2020

International Journal of Polymer Science

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We report on the synthesis of chitosan-alginate nanodisks (Cs-Al NDs) using a simple approach consisting of the ionotropic gelation method. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was used as crosslinking agent to promote the electrostatic interaction between amine groups the chitosan and hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of alginate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images provided direct evidence of the morphology of the nanodisks where agglomeration was observed due to the electrostatic interaction between the functional groups. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the hydrodynamic size of the Cs-Al NDs was 227 nm and 152 nm in pH 1.2 and pH 7.4, respectively, which is in agreement with the information observed in the SEM images. The chemical structure is presented mainly the amine and carboxyl groups due to the presence of chitosan and alginate in the nanodisks, respectively, which allow the electrostatic interaction through N-H linkages. According to the X-ray diffraction, we found that the Cs-Al NDs exhibited the typical structure of chitosan and alginate, which lead the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes. We also evaluated the encapsulation of amoxicillin in the nanodisk, obtaining a loading efficiency of 74.98%, as well as a maximum in vitro release amount of 63.2 and 52.3% at pH 1.2 and 7.4, respectively. Finally, the cytotoxicity effect of the Cs-Al nanodisks was performed in human prostatic epithelial PWR-1E and Caucasian prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cell lines, in which the cell viability was above 80% indicating low inhibition and determining the Cs-Al NDs as a promising technology for controlled delivery systems.

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