Chitosan biopolymer, its derivatives and potential applications in nano-therapeutics: A comprehensive review

Mukhtar, Mahwash; Fényes, Eszter; Bartos, Csilla; Zeeshan, Mahira; Ambrus, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110767

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…The spectrum of applications is mainly related to the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Chitosan is soluble in aqueous acids, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, and its solubility mainly depends on two key factors: the degree of deacetylation (DD) and the molecular weight (Mw); a high DD and low Mw increase the solubility [ 2 , 14 ]. The degree of deacetylation is a vital parameter because it influences the physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the biopolymer [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Ecologically Extracted Shrimp Chitosans with Different Organic Acids during Demineralization Step

2022

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The current study aims to develop eco-friendly and economical chitosans with a wide range of applications using organic acids for shrimp shells demineralization. Chitosan samples were extracted from shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) shells and the demineralization step was performed with three organic acids (citric, acetic, and lactic) and two mineral acids (hydrochloric and sulfuric). The chitosans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chitosans’ physicochemical properties were also determined. The characteristic bands and functional groups of the chitosans were identified by FTIR spectra. The chitosans’ crystallinity order was as follows: ChHCl > ChCitric > ChH2SO4 > ChLactic > ChAcetic. The chitosans’ morphological characteristics revealed a smooth surface and fibrous structures with pores. Chitosans extracted by organic acids showed the highest extraction yields. ChHCl and ChCitric had higher degrees of deacetylation values; 83.67% and 81.47%, respectively. The solubility was proportional to the degree of deacetylation. Furthermore, ChH2SO4 and ChCitric had lower molecular weight values; 149 kDa and 183 kDa, respectively. Organic acids are as effective as mineral acids for shrimp shells demineralization. The developed process opens up possibilities to produce chitin and chitosan in a more eco-friendly way and at a lower cost in many industrial sectors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Ecologically Extracted Shrimp Chitosans with Different Organic Acids during Demineralization Step

2022

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“…The presence of amino groups in the polymer backbone renders excellent properties such as controlled drug release, mucoadhesion, in situ gelation, transfection, permeation enhancement, efflux pump inhibitory properties, etc. 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies of Dolutegravir loaded spray dried Chitosan nanoparticles as milk admixture for paediatrics infected with HIV

Banudevi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Dolutegravir (DTG) is an antiretroviral drug approved in the year 2013, and being categorized as a BCS-II molecule, it possesses solubility issues. In order to enhance the solubility and improve its bioavailability, DTG-loaded Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized utilizing spray drying technology. The developed nanoformulation was characterized for its physicochemical properties and investigated for the feasibility of its administration through an oral route along with milk/food as an admixture for paediatric antiretroviral therapy. The in vivo oral bioavailability studies were conducted in Balb-C mice, where the animals were treated with the selected formulation of DTG-loaded Chitosan NPs and compared to pure DTG. The NPs exhibited 2.5-fold increase in the Cmax (77.54 ± 7.93 μg/mL) when compared to the pure DTG (30.15 ± 8.06 μg/mL). This phenomenon was further reflected by the improved bioavailability of DTG (AUC: 678.3 ± 10.07 μg/h/mL) in the NPs administered to mice when compared to the AUC of animals administered with pure DTG (405.29 ± 7 μg/h/mL). Altogether, the research findings showed that Chitosan-based NPs were ideal carriers for oral administration of DTG along with milk and exhibited great potential to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and treatment adherence for paediatric HIV patients.

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“…Chitin is also the most second prevalent biopolymer after cellulose, and it is recognized for its efficient biodegradability, biocompatibility [ 13 ], non-immunogenicity [ 14 ], and muco-adhesiveness [ 15 ]. It is generally recognized as the “safest polymer” by Food and Drug Administration United States [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Isolated Shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) Chitosan-Based Films Loaded with Fly Ash for Antibacterial Evaluation

Alterary

Marei

2022

Polymers

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New three fabricated chitosan (CS) loaded with fly ash (FA) films were developed in this study. The shell waste of white shrimp was used as a precursor for the isolation of chitin and converted into chitosan by carrying out a deacetylation process. The formation of chitosan was conducted by various preparation steps deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation. The degree of deacetylation was found to be 95.2%. The obtained chitosan was used to prepare three different chitosan loaded-fly ash films. The prepared films contained various fly ash: chitosan ratios (2:1, FA-CSF1), (1:1, FA-CSF2), and (1:2, FA-CSF3). The obtained films were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The micrograph images of the formed films showed spherical particles with an average size of 10 µm. The surface area, adsorption-desorption properties, thermal stability, and water/fat binding features of the fabricated chitosan films were studied. The results revealed that the prepared films displayed typical BET graphs with surface areas ranging from 2.436 m2 g−1 to 8.490 m2 g−1. The fabricated FA-CSF films also showed high thermal stability at temperatures up to 284.9 °C and excellent water/fat binding capacities. The antibacterial potential of the designed films was screened against E. coli (Gram-negative) and B. cereus (Gram-positive) bacterial strains. The tested solution of CS (1%) exhibited inhibition zones for E. coli and B. cereus as 18.51 mm and 14.81 mm, respectively, while in FA solution (1%), the inhibition zones were found to be 10.16 mm, and 13.57 mm, respectively. The results encourage and open up the new and promising areas of research for applying chitosan extracted from waste materials in biological applications.

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Chitosan biopolymer, its derivatives and potential applications in nano-therapeutics: A comprehensive review

Cited by 33 publications

References 188 publications

Physicochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Ecologically Extracted Shrimp Chitosans with Different Organic Acids during Demineralization Step

Physicochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Ecologically Extracted Shrimp Chitosans with Different Organic Acids during Demineralization Step

In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies of Dolutegravir loaded spray dried Chitosan nanoparticles as milk admixture for paediatrics infected with HIV

New Isolated Shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) Chitosan-Based Films Loaded with Fly Ash for Antibacterial Evaluation

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