“…In turn, about 38% of studies produced films by dip coating method, which was effective in reducing both microbial adhesion and biofilm formation (20%–100%) ( Bulwan et al., 2012 ; Cobrado et al, 2013 ; Cao and Sun, 2009 ; Kara et al, 2014 ; Martinez et al., 2010b ; Mendoza et al., 2018 ; Niemczyk et al, 2019 ; Rubini et al, 2021 ; Silva-Dias et al, 2014 ; Valverde et al, 2019 ; Wang et al., 2012a , 2012b ; Yang et al., 2019 ; Yuan et al., 2013 ; Zhang et al., 2018 ). Dip coating is a simple approach to coat a substrate generating uniform and thin films ( Scriven, 2011 ).…”