Chitosan–glycerol phosphate/blood implants increase cell recruitment, transient vascularization and subchondral bone remodeling in drilled cartilage defects

Chevrier, Anik; Hoemann, Caroline D.; Sun, Jun; Buschmann, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2006.08.007

Cited by 168 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the peak expression of mRNA including BSP, OCN, Runx2, and Col1 were observed at 2 weeks after extraction. These results seemed to be also consistent with previous studies 34,35) . Liu et al 35) reported that osteoblastic differentiation marker such as TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF had peak expression level after 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…They concluded that cells on chitosan coating had higher proliferation, type 1 collagen deposition, and degree of mineralization compared to the control. Chevrier et al 34) reported that chitosan increased vascularization and induced granulation tissue generation. At 2 weeks after operation, a mixture of woven bone and fibrous tissue was seen in treated defects, whereas in untreated ones, the fibrous tissue was dominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Chitosan on Expression of Osteogenic Genes during the Healing of Rat Extraction Socket

Youn¹,

Jung²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

Journal of Korean Dental Science

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chitosan on Expression of Osteogenic Genes during the Healing of Rat Extraction Socket

Youn¹,

Jung²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

Journal of Korean Dental Science

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“…Several studies have investigated various effects of chitosan on bone healing and raised some hypotheses on its mechanisms [35,36,37]. For instance [38], observerd that chitosan increases the vascularization of blood vessels and stimulates budding tissue (tissue comprising of budding capillaries and fibroblasts) [6,38] noted that the mechanical strength of scaffold decreases with porosity. This might have led to longer healing time of the chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticle in comparison with chitosan.…”

Section: In-vivo Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Gum Arabic Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration

Ibekwe¹,

Oyatogun²,

Esan³

et al. 2017

AJMSE

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Chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles (C/G)have been prepared by ionic gelation method. This was with a view to enhance the mechanical properties and its application as bone graft scaffold. The cowry shells were washed, dried, pulverized and subsequently sieved with mesh No. 60, size 250 µm. It was deproteinized, Chitin was isolated from the synthesis by demineralising in 0.5 M Hydrochloric acid, and subsequently deacetylated by the addition of 40% (W/V) of Sodium hydroxide to synthesize chitosan. The raw chitosan was purified using 2% (v/v) acetic acid solution. The synthesized chitosan and gum arabic, a product of Acacia tree, were used to prepare chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. Mechanical characterization was carried out on the synthesized material using universal testing machine. Analysis of the chemical composition was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-Ray fluorescence, (XRF). Furthermore, the morphology of the materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy, SEM and the dimension of the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, an attempt was made to ascertain its suitability for bone regeneration. The FTIR spectra result confirmed that the nanoparticle was actually a derivative of chitosan by the observed shift in the peak 3462 to 3404cm- -1 and 712 cm -1 on C/G nanoparticles spectrum were similar to the native chitosan spectrum which shows that there was no change in the main backbone of chitosan structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed chitosan as polymeric rods, while the chitosan /gum arabic nanoparticles in aggregate. The TEM was to confirm nanoparticles of average size of 200nm. The ultimate compressive strength was found to have increased by 78.21%, the Young Modulus by 54.4 % and percentage elongation by 7%. In overall assessment, mechanical properties of the chitosan/gum arabic nanoparticles were better than native chitosan. The study concluded that crosslinking of chitosan with gum arabic to form its nanoparticles derivative improved the mechanical properties of chitosan and consequently its application as a bone graft substitute for bone regeneration.

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“…Although rabbit model has been occasionally criticized as a cartilage repair model, these criticisms are often due to the use of skeletally immature animals which heal much more easily than mature animals that are quite useful in cartilage repair studies. 23,24 We have also recently compared subchondral bone structure in rabbit to human where a surprisingly similar thickness of the bone plate at $200-300 mm and porosity at $60% were observed in both species. Although the dimensions and choice of species in our study are well justified, our customized MF awl has a ledge to control hole depth (Fig.…”

Section: Microfracture Vs Drilling For Cartilage Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Bone remodeling can proceed along with the induction of chondrogenisis that resembles endochondral ossification, to form new bone in deeper zones and fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissues in the more superficial chondral region. 10,14,15,21 A number of studies using bone marrow stimulation have been carried out to improve cartilage repair by modifying the perforation technique, 12 combining with periosteal grafts, 22 hybrid implants, [23][24][25] scaffolds, 26 or other surgical methods. 27 However, to our knowledge, no previous study has specifically investigated the characteristics of the acute fractures themselves, such as hole shape, extent of hematoma, extent of bone damage, morphology of fractured bone and bone marrow, and osteocyte necrosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling and microfracture lead to different bone structure and necrosis during bone‐marrow stimulation for cartilage repair

Chen

Sun²,

Hoemann

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

242

205

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Bone marrow stimulation is performed using several surgical techniques that have not been systematically compared or optimized for a desired cartilage repair outcome. In this study, we investigated acute osteochondral characteristics following microfracture and comparing to drilling in a mature rabbit model of cartilage repair. Microfracture holes were made to a depth of 2 mm and drill holes to either 2 mm or 6 mm under cooled irrigation. Animals were sacrificed 1 day postoperatively and subchondral bone assessed by histology and micro-CT. We confirmed one hypothesis that microfracture produces fractured and compacted bone around holes, essentially sealing them off from viable bone marrow and potentially impeding repair. In contrast, drilling cleanly removed bone from the holes to provide access channels to marrow stroma. Our second hypothesis that drilling would cause greater osteocyte death than microfracture due to heat necrosis was not substantiated, because more empty osteocyte lacunae were associated with microfracture than drilling, probably due to shearing and crushing of adjacent bone. Drilling deeper to 6 mm versus 2 mm penetrated the epiphyseal scar in this model and led to greater subchondral hematoma. Our study revealed distinct differences between microfracture and drilling for acute subchondral bone structure and osteocyte necrosis. Additional ongoing studies suggest these differences significantly affect long-term cartilage repair outcome. ß

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Chitosan–glycerol phosphate/blood implants increase cell recruitment, transient vascularization and subchondral bone remodeling in drilled cartilage defects

Abstract: These results suggest that the greater levels of provisional tissue vascularization and BR activity are main factors supporting improved cartilage repair when chitosan-GP/blood implants are applied to marrow-stimulated cartilage lesions.

Cited by 168 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Chitosan on Expression of Osteogenic Genes during the Healing of Rat Extraction Socket

Effect of Chitosan on Expression of Osteogenic Genes during the Healing of Rat Extraction Socket

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Gum Arabic Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration

Drilling and microfracture lead to different bone structure and necrosis during bone‐marrow stimulation for cartilage repair

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