Chitosan scaffolds for in vitro buffalo embryonic stem‐like cell culture: An approach to tissue engineering

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) porous chitosan scaffolds are attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications. Chitosan scaffolds of 70, 88, and 95% degree of deacetylation (% DD) with the same molecular weight were developed and their properties with buffalo embryonic stem-like (ES-like) cells were investigated in vitro. Scaffolds were fabricated by freezing and lyophilization. They showed open pore structure with interconnecting pores under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Higher % DD chitosan scaffolds had greater mechanical strength, slower degradation rate, lower water uptake ability, but similar water retention ability, when compared to lower % DD chitosan. As a strategy to tissue engineering, buffalo ES-like cells were cultured on scaffolds for 28 days. It appeared that chitosan was cytocompatible and cells proliferated well on 88 and 95% DD scaffolds. In addition, the buffalo ES-like cells maintained their pluripotency during the culture period. Furthermore, the SEM and histological study showed that the polygonal buffalo ES-like cells proliferated well and attached to the pores. This study proved that 3D biodegradable highly deacetylated chitosan scaffolds are promising candidates for ES-like cell based tissue engineering and this chitosan scaffold and ES cell based system can be used as in vitro model for subsequent clinical applications.

Morphological property and in vitro enzymatic degradation of modified chitosan as a scaffold

“…40,41 Many researchers have attempted to measure the swelling ratio of materials using gravimetric method. 42,43 However, the method may give us inaccurate information since loss of solution such as dropping or absorption ability of blot paper during process. Therefore, in order to make up for weak point of gravimetric method, volumetric method which measures the amount of remaining volume of water (PBS in this study) in the system, was used supplementally.…”

Chitosan–gelatin scaffolds for tissue engineering: Physico-chemical properties and biological response of buffalo embryonic stem cells and transfectant of GFP–buffalo embryonic stem cells

“…Different kinds of scaffolds, including natural or synthetic polymerbased and polymer blends, have been considered for tissue engineering [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Currently, biomimetic natural biopolymer scaffolds have acquired significance as tissue scaffolds for tissue regeneration because of their superior biological response compared with synthetic scaffolds [11][12][13][14].…”

“…Recent research demonstrated that highly deacetylated chitosan scaffolds are cytocompatible with buffalo embryonic stem cells [7,23]. Interestingly, the pluripotent characteristics of buffalo ES cells could be maintained on chitosan scaffolds when cell-scaffold constructs were studied for 28 days.…”

Applications of three-dimensional printing technology in the cardiovascular field

“…Advancements in stem cell technology play a key role in the fabrication of functional organs. Embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and tissuespecific cell lines can be used for this application [61][62][63][64][65]. However, several challenges remain to be addressed before the actual application of organ printing.…”