Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations

Abstract

In the general population, about 5% of individuals are homozygotic and 35% are heterozygotic carriers for chitotriosidase (ChT) deficiency. Activated macrophages are considered to be the main source of plasma ChT activity, which permits the biochemical characterization of homozygote deficients. However, in the case of detecting heterozygotic carriers, the results are often inconclusive. The activities of ChT in plasma and mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were determined in 169 control subjects (72 males and 97 females) with a mean age (+/- SD) of 47.5+/-9.7 years (range 18-96 years). The specific enzyme activity was in PMN leukocytes >MN leukocytes >plasma, with a highly significant partial correlation being found between the activities of ChT in plasma and PMN leukocytes (r=0.578, P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between the age of the patients studied and plasma ChT activity (r=0.568, P<0.001). No significant correlation was found for enzyme activities in MN (r=0.105) or in PMN leukocytes (r=0.043). The results obtained suggest that, in normal physiological conditions, PMN leukocytes may secrete ChT to the plasma. Although the activities of ChT in MN and PMN leukocytes are not affected by demographic factors, it is not possible to use them for the biochemical detection of ChT-deficient heterozygotic carriers.

The relation between delivery type and cord blood levels of chitotriosidase and Troponin T

“…In the course of an appropriate stimulus, this enzyme is secreted from the granules of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes [33][34][35][36]. Having assessed the ChT levels in cord blood, our study showed no significant difference between the NVD and C/S groups.…”

“…Its primary source is activated macrophages [7]. Following an appropriate stimulus, this enzyme can either be secreted by macrophages or by polymorphonuclear leukocytes [8]. It was first defined in patients with Gaucher disease, and was found be increased 1000-fold in macrophages of the tissues of Gaucher patients [9].…”

Evaluating the Validity of Serum Neopterin and Chitotriosidase Levels in Follow-Up Brucellosis Patients

“…Moreover, increased ChT levels are also reported in thalassemia, malaria and systemic candidiasis (36,37 (Fig. 1); these levels were decreased to significantly lower levels with therapy (Fig.…”

“…In as study conducted on brucellosis patients, Akbulut et al reported an amelioration of serum NPT values which were found to be significantly higher before treatment (35 (11,36). Moreover, increased ChT levels are also reported in thalassemia, malaria and systemic candidiasis (36,37 (Fig.…”

Microglia and Chitotriosidase in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Nonetheless, physiological conditions such as ageing have also been found to correlate with a progressive increase of plasmatic Chit activity. 17,18 This might suggest that the innate immune system is involved in protecting the healthy human organism from cell damage that occurs during ageing, perhaps linked to oxidative processes. 19 Given its peculiar immune 'privilege', healthy central nervous system (CNS) status is tightly regulated and maintained at a low functional level in order to prevent immune-mediated damage from occurring.…”