Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with persistent cough

Kaneko, Kazunari; Yamashiro, Yuichiro; Maruyama, Takeshi; Obinata, Kaoru

doi:10.1136/adc.80.6.579g

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Among respiratory pathogens, B. pertussis and M. pneumoniae are well-known causes of persistent cough in both children and/or adults (Wright et al , 1995; Hallander et al , 1999). Recently, some reports have indicated that C. pneumoniae infection may also cause persistent cough (Wright et al , 1997; Hallander et al , 1999; Kaneko et al , 1999). Wright et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough

Miyashita

Fukano

Yoshida

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Chlamydia pneumoniae is a frequent causative agent of acute respiratory disease. To assess whether C. pneumoniae plays a role in persistent cough, the prevalence of C. pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough was investigated. Nasopharyngeal swabs and serology samples from 366 adult patients with a persistent cough lasting in excess of 2 weeks and 106 control subjects were analysed for bacterial isolation and by PCR. C. pneumoniae was isolated from two patients and from none of the controls and was detected by PCR in 20 patients and one control. Serological evidence of acute C. pneumoniae infection was present in 24 patients but in none of the controls. Of these 20 patients who were positive by culture and/or PCR, three were still positive by PCR after 2 weeks of treatment with clarithromycin and symptoms either continued or relapsed. However, when patients were treated with clarithromycin for 5-6 weeks, their symptoms disappeared completely and the results of their cultures and/or PCR for C. pneumoniae became negative. These data suggest that C. pneumoniae infection may cause persistent cough in adults. Furthermore, these data also indicate that it may be necessary to eradicate the organism when C. pneumoniae is detected by culture and/or PCR in patients with persistent cough. INTRODUCTIONChlamydia pneumoniae has been shown to cause both epidemic and endemic respiratory tract infections in many areas of the world (Grayston et al., 1990;Kuo et al., 1995). It is a common cause of lower and upper respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis and sinusitis, in both children and adults (Grayston et al., 1990;Kuo et al., 1995). Furthermore, C. pneumoniae infection has been found to establish persistent infections (Hammerschlag et al., 1992;Miyashita et al., 1996a;Ekman et al., 1993;Falck et al., 1996) and it has been reported that symptoms associated with C. pneumoniae infection may persist for a long time (Hammerschlag et al., 1992;Miyashita et al., 1996a;Ekman et al., 1993;Falck et al., 1996Falck et al., , 1997Normann et al., 1998). Clinical symptoms of C. pneumoniae infections are nonspecific but a cough is the most common symptom and this is often prolonged (Kuo et al., 1995; Hammerschlag et al., 1992;Miyashita et al., 1996a;Soda et al., 1997). In a previous study, we encountered many cases of C. pneumoniae respiratory tract infection in junior high school students, and in related family members, during an outbreak of C. pneumoniae at their school (Soda et al., 1997). During this outbreak, many students and their family members had a persistent cough that lasted for more than 2 weeks.Patients with persistent cough frequently make multiple visits to a physician, are given several courses of antibiotics and miss time from work. If their symptoms do not improve, they may finally visit a respiratory physician. However, the role of C. pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough has not been well evaluated, especially in Asia. In this study, we investigated pro...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1999) reported that C. pneumoniae was detected by PCR in 19 of 115 (17 %) children with coughs lasting less than 100 days. Kaneko et al . (1999) also detected C. pneumoniae by indirect immunofluorescence tests in 8 of 21 (38 %) children with persistent coughs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough

Miyashita

Fukano

Yoshida

et al. 2003

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…97 It has further been suggested that Chlamydia pneumoniae may have a role in children with persistent cough. 98 In an uncontrolled study, Kaneko et al 98 studied 21 children aged 10±70 months with persistent cough and demonstrated evidence for infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in 38%. All those infected improved following treatment with erythromycin for 2±6 weeks.…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐inflammatory effects of macrolides in lung disease*

Jaffé¹,

Bush²

2001

Pediatric Pulmonology

188

106

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During the past five decades there has been increasing interest in the potential anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics. Low-dose macrolide therapy has dramatically increased survival in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis, a disease with many similarities to cystic fibrosis (CF). This has led to further investigation into the potential use of macrolides in chronic lung diseases with an inflammatory component. This review summarizes the proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms for this group of antibiotics, and examines the effect of macrolides on modulation of the inflammatory pathways, neutrophil function, bronchoconstriction, Pseudomonas biofilm, mucus rheology, bacterial adherence, and multidrug-resistant protein. It discusses the current status of clinical studies in children with CF, bronchiectasis, and asthma. While there are much in vitro data for different proposed anti-inflammatory effects, randomized controlled clinical trials in children with CF, bronchiectasis, and asthma are still just beginning. The benefits and potential side effects need to be determined before routine use can be advised.

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“…We believe that the reason for this difference is that almost all of the participants in our study were outpatients, and only a small number of them had pneumonia. Kaneko et al [14] investigated 21 Japanese children with persistent cough lasting for more than two weeks, and found that persistent cough was strongly associated with C. pneumoniae infections in some children. Therefore, we surmise that the clinical symptoms of C. pneumoniae infections tend to be milder than those of M. pneumoniae infections among pediatric outpatients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections during the Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic season: Results of nationwide surveillance in Japan

Oishi

Fukuda

Wakabayashi

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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Objective: Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are both common causes of atypical pneumonia. We conducted an annual national survey of Japanese children to screen them for C. pneumoniae infections during the M. pneumoniae epidemic season. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from children aged 0e15 years with suspected acute lower respiratory tract infection due to atypical pathogens, at 85 medical facilities in Japan from June 2008 to March 2018. Specimens were tested for infection using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: Of 5002 specimens tested, 1822 (36.5%) were positive for M. pneumoniae alone, 42 (0.8%) were positive for C. pneumoniae alone, and 20 (0.4%) were positive for both organisms. In children with C. pneumoniae infection, the median C. pneumoniae DNA copy number was higher in those with single infections than in those with M. pneumoniae coinfection (p ¼ 0.08); however it did not differ significantly according to whether the children had received antibiotics prior to sample collection (p ¼ 0.34). Conclusions: The prevalence of C. pneumoniae infection was substantially lower than that of M. pneumoniae infection during the study period. The change in prevalence of C. pneumoniae was not influenced by that of M. pneumoniae. Children with single C. pneumoniae infection are likely to have had C. pneumoniae infection, while those with coinfection are likely to have been C. pneumoniae carriers.

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Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with persistent cough

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in adult patients with persistent cough

Anti‐inflammatory effects of macrolides in lung disease*

Low prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections during the Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic season: Results of nationwide surveillance in Japan

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