Chlorhexidine Digluconate Effects on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation in Some Field Isolates of Animal Bacterial Pathogens

Ebrahimi‬, Ataollah; Hemati, Majid; Dehkordi, Saeed Habibian; Bahadoran, Shahab; Khoshnood, Sheida; Khubani, Shahin; Faraj, Mahdi Dokht; Alni, Reza Hakimi

doi:10.17795/jjnpp-14298

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Microtiter assays with Salmonella spp. incubated at 37°C also found different results for biofilm production [12,30,31]. A high ability for biofilm formation on plastic surfaces was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Enteritidis at Different Incubation Temperatures

Rodrigues

Webber

Levandowski

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The genus Salmonella, associated with poultry products, is considered the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks in humans in many countries. In Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is the serovar remains as one most frequently isolated from humans, and it is also a major serovar found in animals, food, animal feed, and environmental samples, despite all the efforts to control this pathogen. Also, the bacterium is able to form biofilms on different surfaces, protecting cells from both cleaning and sanitizing procedures in the food industries. This study aimed to verify the ability of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates to form biofilm on polystyrene at different incubation temperatures. Materials, Methods & Results:A total of 171 SE samples were isolated from foodborne outbreaks (foods and stool cultures) and poultry products between 2003 and 2010. The biofilm-forming ability of samples was measured at four different temperatures (3°C, 9ºC, 25ºC, and 36ºC), for 24 h, simulating temperatures usually found in poultry slaughterhouses. Later, 200 μL of each bacterial suspension was inoculated, in triplicate, onto 96-well, flat-bottomed sterile polystyrene microtiter plates, washed, after that, the biofilm was fixed with methanol. The plates were dried at ambient temperature, stained with 2% Hucker's crystal violet. Afterwards, absorbance was read using an ELISA plate reader and the optical density (OD) of each isolate was obtained by the arithmetic mean of the absorbance of three wells and this value was compared with the mean absorbance of negative controls (ODnc). The following classification was used for the determination of biofilm formation: no biofilm production, weak biofilm production, moderate biofilm production and strong biofilm production. Results demonstrated all isolates from stool cultures and foods involved in foodborne outbreaks, at least one of the four temperatures tested, were able to form biofilm, even at 3°C, undescribed as possible for the growth of SE. SE strains from poultry products also formed biofilm at least at one of the temperatures. Discussion: The prevention of biofilms formation is very important, once they can be difficult to remove from utensils and food equipment surfaces, becoming a chronic source of microbial contamination of foods, possible dissemination of diseases, and increase of resistance to cleaning and sanitization procedures. A high ability for biofilm formation on plastic surfaces was observed. We may consider that Salmonella has the capacity to bind to surfaces, with relevant impacts on public health. Although biofilm formation could be affected by temperature, most of the SE isolates analyzed in our study were strong biofilm producers at all temperatures, including at 3°C, a temperature used for food preservation and until then not acknowledged as worrisome regarding the development of Salmonella spp. There is a common sense that maintenance of food at low temperatures, particularly below 5°C, is safer to consumers as low temperatures reduce microbial multiplicat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Enteritidis at Different Incubation Temperatures

Rodrigues

Webber

Levandowski

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…; Ebrahimi et al . ). Now, we identified the IMS C 16 MImMeS that removes these fungal biofilms in a four times lower concentration (15·6 μ g ml −1 ) and, when applying the Cl anion equivalent C 16 MImCl, in a 140 times smaller concentration (0·45 μ g ml −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

1-n -Hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate and chloride salts with effective activities against Candida tropicalis biofilms

Bergamo

Balbueno

Hatwig

et al. 2015

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16 MImMeS) and chloride (C16 MImCl) salts are extremely effective in eliminating the viable cells of Candida tropicalis biofilms, which allows the use of much lower concentrations than with the antimicrobial of choice (chlorhexidine) in hospital practices. These findings indicate these imidazolium salts as high-potential candidates for asepsis of medical environments and materials, including implants.

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“…These data demonstrate a superior effect of synoeca-MP compared with CHX, which did not present activity on newly formed or mature biofilms. Higher concentrations are required for CHX activity in the biofilm, according to previous studies (Bonez et al, 2013;Ebrahimi et al, 2014;Shen et al, 2011). Although there is evidence of the effectiveness of CHX against P. aeruginosa's biofilms (Tote, Horemans, Vanden Berghe, Maes, & Cos, 2010), other study demonstrated resistance of P.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Synergistic activity of chlorhexidine and synoeca‐MP peptide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Dantas

Lima

Cantuária

et al. 2019

Journal Cellular Physiology

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‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine (CHX) and synoeca‐MP peptide alone or in combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial property was evaluated by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and planktonic bacteria and biofilm inhibition. Immunomodulatory activity was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and nitric oxide production by the Griess reaction method. According to the results, synoeca‐MP combined with CHX demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness compared with its isolated use, in addition to immunomodulatory activity (upregulating MPC‐1 and tumor necrosis factor‐α and downregulating nitric oxide and interleukin‐10). In this context, it is expected that the substances, together, could be capable of controlling bacterial infection and dissemination, besides potentiating macrophages’ immune response against the studied microorganism. Moreover, reducing the CHX concentration by the addition of synoeca‐MP peptide may, in a beneficial way, minimize the undesirable effects of both, CHX and synoeca‐MP in a clinical setting.

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Chlorhexidine Digluconate Effects on Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation in Some Field Isolates of Animal Bacterial Pathogens

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Enteritidis at Different Incubation Temperatures

Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Enteritidis at Different Incubation Temperatures

1-n -Hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate and chloride salts with effective activities against Candida tropicalis biofilms

Synergistic activity of chlorhexidine and synoeca‐MP peptide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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