Chloride Electroremediation in reinforced structures: preliminary electrochemical tests to detect the steel repassivation during the treatment

Efficiency of Different Electrolytes on Electrochemical Chloride Extraction to Recover Concrete Structures under Chloride‐Induced Corrosion

“…However, as it was mentioned earlier in this paper, it seems inconclusive to analyze repassivation without a visual examination on the steel surface and without quantitative informative data such as corrosion rate or mass loss. Some authors [20,21,37] mentioned that it is not correct to rely in a fixed value to define if passivation is achieved by electrochemical treatment because many factors can influence that condition and ECE can induce more negative potentials of rebars because of strong polarization, meaning that readings one or two months after the end of treatment may show even a less negative potential than the one already achieved. In order to minimize the doubts about repassivation, a quantitative technique was used to ensure the corrosion state after ECE and measure the corrosion rate by linear polarization [38].…”

“…ree major variables play an important role during the chloride removal process: the direct current, the electrolyte solution, and the external anode; therefore, the choice over them is of great importance and guidelines suggest some options, different from each other [19][20][21].…”

“…e chloride extraction rate is mostly measured considering the total concentration of ions in the bulk concrete, rather than chloride profiles at different depths of the cover concrete, although profiles may provide more direct and clear information on modified concentrations under electric charge, considering the penetration depths [20,[22][23][24][25]. Various externalities can easily influence the treatment, such as the environmental temperature during treatment [26], a high concrete resistance on site which decreases the efficiency of current passed, insufficient coverage of the anode, and arrangement of stirrups and steel rebars [19,27,28].…”

Efficiency of Different Electrolytes on Electrochemical Chloride Extraction to Recover Concrete Structures under Chloride Induced Corrosion

“…The setup to perform ECE has many particularities that can significantly affect its efficiency [7,[15][16][17]. Three major variables play an important role during the chloride removal process: the direct current, the electrolyte solution and the external anode, therefore the choice over them is of great importance and guidelines suggest some options, different from each other [19][20][21]. [6] The chloride extraction rate is mostly measured considering the total concentration of ions in the bulk concrete, rather than chloride profiles at different depths of the cover concrete, www.videleaf.com although profiles may provide more direct and clear information on modified concentrations under electric charge, considering the penetration depths [22][23][24][25][26].…”

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“…During the corrosion of steel reinforcement, it is possible for chloride ions to migrate from local cathodes to local anodes within the generated electric field (Li and Page, 2000). Such an external electric field is most often applied to the controlled transport of chloride ions from concrete (Martinez et al, 2015). For example, electrochemical extraction of chlorides (ECE) may be a possible method (Elsener and Angst, 2007).…”