Chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in food samples collected between 1985–1987 in the north and south of Vietnam

Schecter, Arnold; Kooke, R.M.M.; Serne, P.; Olie, K.; Huy, Do Quang; Hue, Nguyen Duc; Constable, John

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90175-6

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…After the Vietnam War, high concentrations of dioxins were found in the ovaries and livers of turtles (Schecter et al 1989). This effect was also demonstrated in tissues isolated from local pigs and chickens, likely resulting from a combination of residual Agent Orange and other herbicidal exposure over the past few decades (Schecter et al 2006).…”

Section: Active Combat Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

et al. 2015

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Abstract:War is an ever-present force that has the potential to alter the biosphere. Here we review the potential consequences of modern war and military activities on ecosystem structure and function. We focus on the effects of direct conflict, nuclear weapons, military training, and military produced contaminants. Overall, the aforementioned activities were found to have overwhelmingly negative effects on ecosystem structure and function. Dramatic habitat alteration, environmental pollution, and disturbance contributed to population declines and biodiversity losses arising from both acute and chronic effects in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In some instances, even in the face of massive alterations to ecosystem structure, recovery was possible. Interestingly, military activity was beneficial under specific conditions, such as when an exclusion zone was generated that generally resulted in population increases and (or) population recovery; an observation noted in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. Additionally, military technological advances (e.g., GPS technology, drone technology, biotelemetry) have provided conservation scientists with novel tools for research. Because of the challenges associated with conducting research in areas with military activities (e.g., restricted access, hazardous conditions), information pertaining to military impacts on the environment are relatively scarce and are often studied years after military activities have ceased and with no knowledge of baseline conditions. Additional research would help to elucidate the environmental consequences (positive and negative) and thus reveal opportunities for mitigating negative effects while informing the development of optimal strategies for rehabilitation and recovery.Key words: war, biodiversity, ecosystem structure, conflict, military activities, environment, conservation biology.Résumé : La guerre est une force omniprésente ayant le potentiel d'altérer l'atmosphère. Les auteurs passent en revue les conséquences potentielles des activités guerrières et militaires modernes sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. On met l'accent sur les effets directs et indirects des conflits, des armes nucléaires, des entrainements militaires et des contaminants des produits militaires. Dans l'ensemble, on constate que les activités préalablement mentionnées ont des effets négatifs écrasants sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Avec des altérations dramatiques des habitats, la pollution et les perturbations environnementales contribuent au déclin des populations et aux pertes de biodiversité provenant des effets aigus et chroniques sur les systèmes terrestres aussi bien qu'aquatiques. Tout de même dans certains cas, en présence d'altérations massives de la structure des écosystèmes, la récupération s'est avérée possible. Il est intéressant de noter qu'une activité militaire fut bénéfique sous des conditions spécifiques telles que la création d'une zone d'exclusion, en générant des augmentations générales des p...

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Section: Active Combat Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

et al. 2015

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“…These congener-specific studies of PCDDs and PCDFs in food from a number of industrial countries found that meat, milk, and fish products account for about 95% of human general population intake of PCDDs and PCDFs. Fruits and vegetables, which usually contain almost no dioxins or dibenzofurans, contribute a negligible amount to human intake, whereas air and water are a secondary source of exposure to these compounds (3,4,17,(19)(20)(21)(22). Although human tissue levels in the United States have been well characterized during the past decade, congener-specific analysis of PCDDs and PCDFs in American food, using state-of-the-art detection levels, has rarely been undertaken.…”

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confidence: 99%

Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake

Schecter¹,

Startin²,

Wright³

et al. 1994

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Fruits and vegetables, which usually contain almost no dioxins or dibenzofurans, contribute a negligible amount to human intake, whereas air and water are a secondary source of exposure to these compounds (3,4,17,(19)(20)(21)(22) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in U.S. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake.

Schecter

Startin

Wright

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Food, especially meat, milk, and fish, is the immediate source of almost all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxinlike compounds in the general population. To estimate intake of these highly toxic compounds, we performed congener-specific dioxin analyses for the first time on U.S. food for 18 dairy meat, and fish samples from a supermarket in upstate New York. 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, "dioxin") toxic equivalents (TEqs) on a wet weight basis for the dairy products ranged for 0.04 to 0.7 ppt, meat TEqs ranged from 0.03 to 1.5 ppt, and fish TEqs ranged from 0.02 to 0.13 ppt. Previous human breast milk and infant formula analyses were used with the current preliminary food data to estimate a range of dioxin intake for Americans. Average daily food intake of TEqs for an adult weighing 65 kg was estimated to be between 0.3 and 3.0 pg/kg body weight, for a total of 18-192 pg TEq, using 1986 American consumption rates. Due to the relatively high level of PCDDs and PCDFs commonly found in human breast milk from American women and from women in other industrial countries, a nursing infant may consume an average of 35-53 pg TEq/kg body weight/day in its first year of life. This may be compared with the current U.S. EPA virtually safe dose of 0.006 pg TCDD/kg body weight per day over a 70-year lifetime based on an upper limit cancer risk of 10(-6), or the 10 pg/kg/day used by some European government agencies.

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Chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in food samples collected between 1985–1987 in the north and south of Vietnam

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

The effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity and the environment

Congener-Specific Levels of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in U.S. Food and Estimated Daily Dioxin Toxic Equivalent Intake

Congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in U.S. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake.

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