Chlorinated hydrocarbons residues in milk fat of selected farm animals from the north-eastern part of Poland

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine and compare the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons residues (DDT, DDE, DDD, γ-HCH) in the milk fat of selected species of farm animals. The experiment was carried out on cow's, sheep's, goat's, and mare's milk samples originating from different parts of north-eastern Poland. The samples were prepared using Röse-Gottlieb's and Ludwicki's methods. The determination of the compounds was conducted with gas chromatography. All tested samples contained the residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The results varied depending on the animal species as well as the places of sample collections. The highest content of γ-HCH and ΣDDT was determined in cow's milk (22.75; 53.12 µg/kg of fat, respectively). The lowest level of γ-HCH and ΣDDT was observed in sheep's milk (0.25; 5.94 µg/kg of fat, respectively). The content of chlorinated hydrocarbons did not exceed the maximum acceptable levels of these compounds.

Relationship between the content of chlorinated hydrocarbons and fatty acid composition of milk fat

“…In 2004, Świstowska et al (28) showed that the content of γ-HCH in mare milk ranged from 0.10 to 1.34 µg/kg, whereas the amount of DDT fell between 10.84 and 27.67 µg/kg. The analysis performed in 2010 in the same region showed that the contents of γ-HCH and ΣDDT in mare milk fat were 4.69 ±1.33 and 16.72 µg/kg, respectively (21). These results were similar to those obtained in this study.…”

“…The residues of γ-HCH and ΣDDT in cow milk fat in the 1990s were 12.0 and 438.0 µg/kg of fat, respectively (27). The mean content of γ-HCH in cow milk samples collected in 2010 in the same region was 9.15 µg/kg of fat from values ranging from 2.92 to 22.75 µg/kg, and the mean content of ΣDDT was 18.92 µg/kg from values ranging from 6.09 to 53.12 µg/kg of fat (21). Nowadays, the mean content of γ-HCH and ΣDDT in cow milk fat is comparable to that from 2010, the fat containing 0.46 and 9.20 µg/kg, respectively.…”

“…The significant difference in chlorinated hydrocarbon content in cow and mare milk fat may be associated with different species-specific exposure to these compounds in the environment and in animal feed (11,21). Significant differences in the constituent percentage of different fatty acids were found between cow and mare milk fat.…”

“…The fact that milk fat accumulates many environmental contaminants, including organochlorine compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons (18,21,27,28), is disturbing. Persistent organic pollutants like γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH, lindane) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT, 1,1,1trichloro-2,2-bis (2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl) ethane) and its metabolites: p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene) and p,p'dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (p,p'-DDD, 1,1dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane) are included in the list of the most toxic agents called "the dirty dozen" composed by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).…”

The Present Status of Organochlorine Residues in Milk Collected from Market of Faisalabad-Pakistan

“…Besides its countless benefits it has also bear the paramount potential for leading contaminants to the human's diet. Many previous studies have proved the evidences of likely perilous human acquaintance of pesticides residues and aflatoxin M1 through Pattaya (Thailand) Dec. [14][15][16]2016 milk (Martinsa et al,201). As milk consumption is reasonably high by human race, principally among the children, therefore risks of milk contamination with pesticides residues also increasing and constantly posing threats for consumer's health.…”