Chlorine in equals dioxin out? …It's not that simple

Shaub, Walter M.

doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(95)80006-9

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…82 Despite an obvious role of chlorine in de novo synthesis, the data from more than 1900 investigations on an industrial scale 83 show that there is no clear relationship between the quantity of chlorine introduced in fuel to the combustion process and the quantity of dioxins emitted in the process. 84 On the other hand, there is a relationship between the quantity of dioxin emitted and the concentration of chlorine or hydrochloride at the outlet of the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Dioxin Formation In Thermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Wielgosiński

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The first reports that it is possible to emit dioxins from the heat and power generation sector are from the beginning of the 1980s. Detailed research proved that the emission of dioxins might occur during combustion of hard coal, brown coal, and furnace oil as well as coke-oven gas. The emission of dioxins occurs in wood incineration; wood that is clean and understood as biomass; or, in particular, wood waste (polluted). This paper thoroughly discusses the mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes, first and foremost in combustion processes. The parameters influencing the quantity of dioxins formed and the dependence of their quantity on the conditions of combustion are highlighted. Furthermore, the methods of reducing dioxin emissions from combustion processes (primary and secondary) are discussed. The most efficacious methods that may find application in the heat and power generation sector are proposed; this is relevant from the point of view of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention resolutions in Poland with regard to persistent organic pollutants.

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Section: Mechanism Of Dioxin Formation In Thermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Wielgosiński

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…A wider review of combustion sources (petrol, wood, municipal solid waste, sewage sludge) also concludes no causal relationship between increases in chlorine content of the fuels and dioxin production [38]. Indeed it cites in support, with reference to municipal solid waste (MSW), that feed chlorine concentration varies by only a fraction of a percent whilst dioxin emissions vary by up to five orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Incineration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation that only small amounts of chlorine are required for dioxin formation [35,38,77] and the ubiquity of chlorine in waste suggests that reductions in the chlorine feed concentration may only partially successful in reducing dioxin production. There is evidence, however, that chlorine reactivity can be inhibited by the addition of sulphur to the incinerator [80][81][82].…”

Section: Prevention Of Precursor Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin sources and industrial emissions control — a review

Ritchie

2000

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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Dioxin, the collective term for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, are generated during various chemical and high temperature processes. They have been shown to be toxic to humans and animals with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibiting the greatest toxicity. Dioxin has been shown to exhibit immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity in several animals. Epidemiological studies on groups of humans with prolonged or elevated exposure to dioxin have indicated increased cancer rates above threshold levels of exposure. Conversely, other studies have concluded that dioxin is a net anticarcinogen. There has been much study aimed at quantifying the relative contributions of the identified dioxin sources to the environmental load. Although some data suggests that burning of vegetation produces measurable amounts of dioxin it is rather industrial process waste streams which emit the greatest amounts. Processes implicated include organic chemical synthesis, metal processing, paper pulp bleaching and incineration of organic materials. Dioxin emission reduction strategies for high temperature processes have focussed upon the minimisation of the conditions at which dioxin forms in exhaust streams. Additionally, screening of process materials has been practised as have substitution of process chemicals in the pulp and paper bleaching industry.

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Chlorine in equals dioxin out? …It's not that simple

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Dioxin sources and industrial emissions control — a review

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