Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons, Survey

Marshall, Kenric A.

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1921182218050504.a01.pub2

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the study on thermal degradation of chloromethane mixtures [ 15 ], CH 3 Cl was found to be the most thermally stable compound, and CHCl 3 was to be the most thermally labile compound under oxidative and pyrolytic conditions. As listed in Table 1 [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], density, boiling point (b.p. ), viscosity, refractive index, and partition coefficient all increase with increasing chlorine content, while vapor pressure, flammability, dipole (or dielectric constant), water solubility, and latent heat of vaporization at the b.p.…”

Section: Chloromethanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Chloromethanes in the Atmospheric Environment: Implications for Human Health, Ozone Formation and Depletion, and Global Warming Impacts

Tsai

2017

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the halogenated hydrocarbons, chloromethanes (i.e., methyl chloride, CH3Cl; methylene chloride, CH2Cl2; chloroform, CHCl3; and carbon tetrachloride, CCl4) play a vital role due to their extensive uses as solvents and chemical intermediates. This article aims to review their main chemical/physical properties and commercial/industrial uses, as well as the environment and health hazards posed by them and their toxic decomposition products. The environmental properties (including atmospheric lifetime, radiative efficiency, ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, photochemical ozone creation potential, and surface mixing ratio) of these chlorinated methanes are also reviewed. In addition, this paper further discusses their atmospheric fates and human health implications because they are apt to reside in the lower atmosphere when released into the environment. According to the atmospheric degradation mechanism, their toxic degradation products in the troposphere include hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbon monoxide (CO), chlorine (Cl2), formyl chloride (HCOCl), carbonyl chloride (COCl2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Among them, COCl2 (also called phosgene) is a powerful irritating gas, which is easily hydrolyzed or thermally decomposed to form hydrogen chloride.

show abstract

Section: Chloromethanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Chloromethanes in the Atmospheric Environment: Implications for Human Health, Ozone Formation and Depletion, and Global Warming Impacts

Tsai

2017

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dangerous volatile compounds such as benzene [ 4 ], 1,3-butadiene [ 5 ], ethylbenzene [ 6 ], xylenes [ 7 ], 1,1,1-trichloroethane [ 8 ], trichloroethylene [ 8 ], tetrachloroethylene [ 9 ], carbontetrachloride [ 10 ], or chloroform [ 11 ] often appear in epidemiological research [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Such compounds often undergo scrutiny from public health institutions, with governments imposing legal limits on their industrial emissions in order to reduce human exposure [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UNMIX Methods Applied to Characterize Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in Toronto, Ontario

Porada

Szyszkowicz

2016

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

UNMIX, a sensor modeling routine from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was used to model volatile organic compound (VOC) receptors in four urban sites in Toronto, Ontario. VOC ambient concentration data acquired in 2000–2009 for 175 VOC species in four air quality monitoring stations were analyzed. UNMIX, by performing multiple modeling attempts upon varying VOC menus—while rejecting the results that were not reliable—allowed for discriminating sources by their most consistent chemical characteristics. The method assessed occurrences of VOCs in sources typical of the urban environment (traffic, evaporative emissions of fuels, banks of fugitive inert gases), industrial point sources (plastic-, polymer-, and metalworking manufactures), and in secondary sources (releases from water, sediments, and contaminated urban soil). The remote sensing and robust modeling used here produces chemical profiles of putative VOC sources that, if combined with known environmental fates of VOCs, can be used to assign physical sources’ shares of VOCs emissions into the atmosphere. This in turn provides a means of assessing the impact of environmental policies on one hand, and industrial activities on the other hand, on VOC air pollution.

show abstract

“…Methyl chloride is a versatile methylating agent and as such it is an important intermediate in the chemical industry [1][2][3]. The largest market for methyl chloride is in the production of silicone polymers, which are increasingly applied in traditional nonsilicone applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled methyl chloride synthesis at mild conditions using ultrasound irradiation

Iersel

Schilt

Benes

et al. 2010

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons, Survey

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Fate of Chloromethanes in the Atmospheric Environment: Implications for Human Health, Ozone Formation and Depletion, and Global Warming Impacts

Fate of Chloromethanes in the Atmospheric Environment: Implications for Human Health, Ozone Formation and Depletion, and Global Warming Impacts

UNMIX Methods Applied to Characterize Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in Toronto, Ontario

Controlled methyl chloride synthesis at mild conditions using ultrasound irradiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About