Chloromethanes

Rossberg, Manfred; Lendle, Wilhelm; Pfleiderer, Gerhard; Tögel, Adolf; Torkelson, T. R.; Beutel, Klaus K.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub3

Cited by 26 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The main applications of chloromethane are the manufacturing of silicones and methyl cellulose, which jointly account for roughly two-thirds of the demand. The remainder is used for other alkylation reactions in the synthesis of specialty chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and agricultural chemicals [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lab‐Scale Microreactor Plant for the Study of Methylations with Liquid Chloromethane

2020

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Chloromethane is an important reagent for methylations in the process industry. However, as a gas suspected of causing cancer, it is rarely used at laboratory scale. Therefore, a setup is presented here for studies in a laboratory under safe and reproducible conditions. The use of a microreactor guarantees high heat transfer rates and a low holdup of the reagent. As a proof‐of‐concept, the reaction of chloromethane with the secondary amine morpholine in aqueous solution is investigated. By applying elevated pressures, a liquid‐liquid system with enhanced solubility of chloromethane in the aqueous phase is accessible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In aqueous medium, inexpensive sodium hydroxide is often used. Chloromethane is slightly soluble in water with a solubility of 6.52 g kg -1 at 30°C and 1 bar [2]. The concentration in the aqueous phase can be increased by applying pressure to the system until the saturation vapor pressure ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab‐Scale Microreactor Plant for the Study of Methylations with Liquid Chloromethane

2020

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“…A common reaction scheme responsible for causing selectivities less than 100% is series reactions (e.g., alkylations, oxidations, chlorinations, ethylene and propylene glycol production, etc.). There are at least two well‐known design approaches used to overcome the decreased selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target bounds on reaction selectivity via Feinberg's CFSTR equivalence principle

Frumkin

Doherty

2017

AIChE Journal

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In this work, we show that the continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) equivalence principle, developed by Feinberg and Ellison, can be used to obtain practical upper bounds on reaction selectivity for any chemistry of interest. The CFSTR equivalence principle allows one to explore the attainable reaction region by decomposing any arbitrary, steady‐state reactor‐mixer‐separator system with total reaction volume V > 0 into a new system comprising R+1 CFSTRs (where scriptR is the number of linearly independent chemical reactions) with the same total reaction volume and a perfect separator system. This work further refines the allowable selectivities by incorporating capacity constraints into the CFSTR equivalence principle to prevent arbitrarily large recycle streams between the CFSTRs and the separators and infinitesimally small CFSTR conversions. These constraints provide practical upper bounds on reaction selectivities of chemistries completely independent of reactor design. We present the methodology and the results for a selection of realistic chemistries. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 926–939, 2018

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“…The chosen test substrate, 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB), is a byproduct in the manufacture of chlorobenzene and finds rather limited application [2]. In contrast, the demand for brominated aromatics is increasing in light of the emergence of palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen Exchange in Near-Critical Water

Alhazmi¹,

Alburquerque²,

Junk³

2011

GSC

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Bromoaromatics are ubiquitous in chemistry, and their manufacture is often wasteful. Halogen exchange under hydrothermal conditions constitutes a viable alternative for their synthesis in some cases. The preparation of 1,2-dibromobenzene and 1-bromo-2-chlorobenzene from 1,2-dichlorobenzene, by treatment with hydrobromic acid in hydrothermal media at temperatures ranging from 240˚C to 320˚C was investigated as a viable alternative to de novo synthesis. The effects of temperature, exchange duration and the presence of Fe 3+ salts on product yields are discussed. Yields for both targeted haloarenes of up to 37% and 48%, respectively, were achieved, with very limited formation of 1,3-and 1,4-dihalobenzene isomers. A mechanism for halogen exchange was proposed.

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Chloromethanes

Cited by 26 publications

References 49 publications

Lab‐Scale Microreactor Plant for the Study of Methylations with Liquid Chloromethane

Lab‐Scale Microreactor Plant for the Study of Methylations with Liquid Chloromethane

Target bounds on reaction selectivity via Feinberg's CFSTR equivalence principle

Halogen Exchange in Near-Critical Water

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