Chlorophyll biosynthesis: spotlight on protochlorophyllide reduction

Reinbothe, Christiane; Bakkouri, M. El; Buhr, Frank; Muraki, Norifumi; Nomata, Jiro; Kurisu, Genji; Fujita, Yuichi; Reinbothe, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2010.07.002

Cited by 216 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…This relationship is primarily attributable to the fact that 50 to 70% of the total N forms enzymes in the leaves that are associated with chloroplasts (REINBOTHE et al, 2010;SINGH et al, 2010). The nutritional WPM medium, for example, has 25% of the concentration of nitrate ions and ammonia of the MS medium (PASQUAL, 2001).…”

Section: Nutrient Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro establishment and early development of barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Silva

Asmar

Oliveira

et al. 2016

SCA

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The barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is a native fruit species of the Cerrado ecoregion that has multiple uses. It is a wild species, and its cultivation is difficult. Furthermore, it is threatened with extinction. Plant tissue culture is a major tool for the conservation of germplasm, as well as a means of propagating highquality seedlings on a large scale. However, this technique has not been used with barueiro, although it might provide valuable contributions to the process of barueiro domestication. The most popular method of cultivation is the use of the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), which is considered one of the most nutritionally complete media. Woody plant medium (WPM) is indicated for the propagation of woody species, but there are no reports of its use for barueiro cultivation. Woody plants tend to have problems with rust in vitro during the establishment phase. Activated charcoal acts as an adjuvant for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, mitigating its effects in the medium. Thus, the objective of this study was to test four activated charcoal doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 g L -1 ) and three culture media: MS, WPM, and AA (over water agar) in the in vitro establishment of barueiro. The experimental design was a completely randomised (DIC), 4 × 3 factorial design with three replications. At 60 days after inoculation, the explants were evaluated for dry matter, fresh weight, stem diameter, shoot length, number of leaves, longest root length, germination rate, and chlorophyll contents. The MS medium supplemented with 3,0 g L -1 activated charcoal appeared to be the best for in vitro establishment of barueiro. Key words: Native fruit. Activated charcoal. Culture medium. ResumoO barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Cerrado que possui múltiplas possibilidades de utilização. Por estar em estado praticamente selvagem, seu cultivo é dificultado. Além disso, encontra-se ameaçada de extinção. A cultura de tecidos vegetais constitui uma importante ferramenta para a conservação de germoplasma, além de proporcionar a rápida propagação de mudas de qualidade em larga escala. Porém, esta técnica não vem sendo utilizada em barueiro, mas pode ser aplicada de forma valiosa contribuindo para seu processo de domesticação. O meio de cultivo mais utilizado é o MS, considerado um dos mais completos nutricionalmente. O meio WPM é indicado para a propagação de espécies lenhosas, porém não há relatos da sua utilização para o cultivo do barueiro.

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Section: Nutrient Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro establishment and early development of barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Silva

Asmar

Oliveira

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…bchN is part of the bchFNBHL operon and encodes the N-subunit of the light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR). This DPOR complex is responsible for protochlorophyllide reduction to chlorophyllide (30,31). Fig.…”

Section: Full-length Pcrz But Not a Smaller Processing Product Affectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of bacterial photosynthesis genes by the small noncoding RNA PcrZ

Mank

Berghoff

Hermanns

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The small RNA PcrZ (photosynthesis control RNA Z) of the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is induced upon a drop of oxygen tension with similar kinetics to those of genes for components of photosynthetic complexes. High expression of PcrZ depends on PrrA, the response regulator of the PrrB/ PrrA two-component system with a central role in redox regulation in R. sphaeroides. In addition the FnrL protein, an activator of some photosynthesis genes at low oxygen tension, is involved in redox-dependent expression of this small (s)RNA. Overexpression of full-length PcrZ in R. sphaeroides affects expression of a small subset of genes, most of them with a function in photosynthesis. Some mRNAs from the photosynthetic gene cluster were predicted to be putative PcrZ targets and results from an in vivo reporter system support these predictions. Our data reveal a negative effect of PcrZ on expression of its target mRNAs. Thus, PcrZ counteracts the redox-dependent induction of photosynthesis genes, which is mediated by protein regulators. Because PrrA directly activates photosynthesis genes and at the same time PcrZ, which negatively affects photosynthesis gene expression, this is one of the rare cases of an incoherent feed-forward loop including an sRNA. Our data identified PcrZ as a trans acting sRNA with a direct regulatory function in formation of photosynthetic complexes and provide a model for the control of photosynthesis gene expression by a regulatory network consisting of proteins and a small noncoding RNA.α-proteobacteria | protochlorophyllide reductase

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“…Additionally, the day and night periods are used by cyanobacteria to segregate incompatible metabolic processes (22). For example, S. elongatus activates light-independent protochlorophilide reduction, which is an oxygen-sensitive process, at night, a time when oxygen is not being produced by photosystem II (24). However, the degree to which the circadian clock and light availability independently affect metabolic events is poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The circadian oscillator in Synechococcus elongatus controls metabolite partitioning during diurnal growth

Diamond

Jun

Rubin

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

158

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Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a genetically tractable model cyanobacterium that has been engineered to produce industrially relevant biomolecules and is the best-studied model for a prokaryotic circadian clock. However, the organism is commonly grown in continuous light in the laboratory, and data on metabolic processes under diurnal conditions are lacking. Moreover, the influence of the circadian clock on diurnal metabolism has been investigated only briefly. Here, we demonstrate that the circadian oscillator influences rhythms of metabolism during diurnal growth, even though lightdark cycles can drive metabolic rhythms independently. Moreover, the phenotype associated with loss of the core oscillator protein, KaiC, is distinct from that caused by absence of the circadian output transcriptional regulator, RpaA (regulator of phycobilisome-associated A). Although RpaA activity is important for carbon degradation at night, KaiC is dispensable for those processes. Untargeted metabolomics analysis and glycogen kinetics suggest that functional KaiC is important for metabolite partitioning in the morning. Additionally, output from the oscillator functions to inhibit RpaA activity in the morning, and kaiC-null strains expressing a mutant KaiC phosphomimetic, KaiC-pST, in which the oscillator is locked in the most active output state, phenocopies a ΔrpaA strain. Inhibition of RpaA by the oscillator in the morning suppresses metabolic processes that normally are active at night, and kaiC-null strains show indications of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activation as well as increased abundance of primary metabolites. Inhibitory clock output may serve to allow secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the morning, and some metabolites resulting from these processes may feed back to reinforce clock timing.C yanobacteria comprise a promising engineering platform for the production of fuels and industrial chemicals. These organisms already have been engineered to produce ethanol, isobutyraldehyde, alkanes, and hydrogen (1-4). However, the efficient industrial-scale application of these photosynthetic organisms will require their growth and maintenance in the outdoors where they will be subjected to light-dark (LD) cycles (5). Phototrophic cyanobacteria present a completely different engineering challenge relative to heterotrophic bacteria such as Escherichia coli: their cellular activities respond strongly to the presence and absence of light because their metabolism is centered on photosynthesis (6, 7). Diverse cyanobacteria also possess a true circadian clock that synchronizes with external LD cycles and has been demonstrated to drive both gene expression and metabolic rhythms (8-10). It is important to understand how signals from the external environment and the internal circadian clock are integrated to modulate metabolic processes in environmentally relevant LD cycles to optimize the engineering of these organisms. In this work we attempt to separate the influences of environment and circadian control using the cyan...

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Chlorophyll biosynthesis: spotlight on protochlorophyllide reduction

Cited by 216 publications

References 115 publications

In vitro establishment and early development of barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

In vitro establishment and early development of barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vogel)

Regulation of bacterial photosynthesis genes by the small noncoding RNA PcrZ

The circadian oscillator in Synechococcus elongatus controls metabolite partitioning during diurnal growth

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