Chloroplast Dna

Hallick, Richard B.; Buetow, D.E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-139904-7.50012-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…The rbcL genes in C. reinhardtii and E. gracilis have been located on physical maps of their chloroplast DNAs. The regions surrounding the rbcL genes have different gene organizations in C. reinhardtii , 19) E. gracilis , 20) and liverwort, 3) the organization of the liverwort gene around the rbcL gene rather being similar to that in higher plants. 7),8) …”

Section: Gene Organization Of the Liverwort Chloroplast Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gene content, organization and molecular evolution of plant organellar genomes and sex chromosomes - Insights from the case of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Ohyama

Takemura

Oda

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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The complete nucleotide sequence of chloroplast DNA (121,025 base pairs, bp) from a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, has made clear the entire gene organization of the chloroplast genome. Quite a few genes encoding components of photosynthesis and protein synthesis machinery have been identified by comparative computer analysis. We also determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the liverwort mitochondrial DNA and deduced 96 possible genes in the sequence of 186,608 bp. The complete chloroplast genome encodes twenty introns (19 group II and 1 group I) in 18 different genes. One of the chloroplast group II introns separates a ribosomal protein gene in a trans-position. The mitochondrial genome contains thirty-two introns (25 group II and 7 group I) in the coding regions of 17 genes. From the evolutionary point of view, we describe the origin of organellar introns and give evidence for vertical and horizontal intron transfers and their intragenomic propagation. Furthermore, we describe the gene organization of the Y chromosome in the dioecious liverwort M. polymorpha, the first detailed view of a Y chromosome in a haploid organism. On the 10 megabase (Mb) Y chromosome, 64 genes are identified, 14 of which are detected only in the male genome. These 14 genes are expressed in reproductive organs but not in vegetative thalli, suggesting their participation in male reproductive functions. These findings indicate that the Y and X chromosomes share the same ancestral autosome and support the prediction that in a haploid organism essential genes on sex chromosomes are more likely to persist than in a diploid organism.

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Section: Gene Organization Of the Liverwort Chloroplast Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gene content, organization and molecular evolution of plant organellar genomes and sex chromosomes - Insights from the case of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Ohyama

Takemura

Oda

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biologic

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“…Also shown for comparison are the maps of the related genes from several plant Chloroplast genomes and part of the adjacent E. coli S10 and spc ribosomal protein operons. The genes are encoded in an 11,8-kb region of the Chloroplast genome (Hallick and Buetow, 1989) spanning the EcoRI restriction fragments EcoU, EcoZ, EcoJ, EcoM, and EcoA (Christopher et al, 1988;Christopher and Hallick, 1989). A first step in the analysis of the expression of the ribosomal protein genes was to determine the relative abundance of their mRNAs compared with the mRNAs from other previously studied Euglena Chloroplast genes, such as the psbA gene (Hollingsworth et al, 1984).…”

Section: Abundance Of Euglena Chloroplast Rp/16 and Psba Transcriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, the organization of protein coding loci in transcription units along the chloroplast chromosome is punctuated by tRNA genes that are nonclustered Shinozaki et al, 1986;Hiratsuka et al, 1989) and apparently transcribed independently from flanking protein genes. In Euglena chloroplasts, the tRNA genes lie between protein and rRNA coding regions and are encoded as polycistronic clusters of two to six different cistrons (Hallick and Buetow, 1989). The trnl-CAU is an exception to this general feature.…”

Section: Operonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex RNA maturation pathway for a chloroplast ribosomal protein operon with an internal tRNA cistron.

Christopher

Hallick

1990

Plant Cell

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We have studied the expression of a large chloroplast ribosomal protein operon from Euglena gracilis that resembles the Escherichia coli S10 and spc ribosomal protein operons. We present evidence that 11 ribosomal protein genes, a tRNA gene, and a new locus, orf214/orf302, are expressed as a single transcription unit. The primary transcript also contains at least 15 group II and group III introns. Gene-specific probes for each ribosomal protein gene, orf214/orf302, and for trnl hybridized to a common pre-mRNA of an estimated size of 8.3 kilobases. This is the RNA size predicted for a full-length transcript of the entire operon after splicing of all 15 introns. Polycistronic ribosomal protein mRNAs accumulated primarily as spliced hepta-, hexa-, penta-, tetra-, tri-, and dicistronic mRNAs, which were presumed to arise by stepwise processing of the 8.3-kilobase pre-mRNA. A novel finding was the cotranscription of the trnl gene as an internal cistron within the ribosomal protein operon. Several combined mRNA/tRNA molecules, such as the pentacistronic rpl5-rps8-rpl36-trnl-rps14, were characterized. The occurrence of the orf214/orf302 is a unique feature of the Euglena operon, distinguishing it from all chloroplast and prokaryotic ribosomal protein operons characterized to date. The orf214/orf302 are not similar to any known genes but are cotranscribed with the ribosomal protein loci and encode stable RNA species of 2.4, 1.8, and 1.4 kilobases.

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The δ subunit of the chloroplast ATPase is plastid‐encoded in the diatom Odontella sinensis

1991

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A 5,2 kb P.~tl re~trietion trallment eontainlnll the atpA tt©ne cluster or' the plastic I~nom© of th~ centrl~: diatom Od.nrella ,~/.¢))sts wa~ cloned, $¢qu~acin~ revealed a readin$ frame o1" 561 hp separatin~ the ~cne~ atpF at~d I~,tpA, which is preceded by a putative ribosome bindin8 site, The third nueleotide or the codon for the last aminn acid of atpF is the first nucleotid¢ of the initiation codon of the 561 bp reading I'ram¢, The amino acid sequcnc~ deduced from the nueleotlde ~¢qu~nce of this Ilene (atpD) is ¢olinear with t~ subunits of different l~,F).ATPases and shows an overall ~equcnce homolol~y of up to .~5~ when compared with the sequenexs ofcyanobacteria and C, vanophor~ parmloxo. Tl~e results are (li~usscd in context with the evolution of chloroplasts of tl~e chlorophyll.a + b and -a + c lineages, respeetlvely,

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Chloroplast Dna

Cited by 3 publications

References 219 publications

Gene content, organization and molecular evolution of plant organellar genomes and sex chromosomes - Insights from the case of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Gene content, organization and molecular evolution of plant organellar genomes and sex chromosomes - Insights from the case of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha

Complex RNA maturation pathway for a chloroplast ribosomal protein operon with an internal tRNA cistron.

The δ subunit of the chloroplast ATPase is plastid‐encoded in the diatom Odontella sinensis

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