Chloroplast Structure and Starch Grain Accumulation in Leaves That Received Different Red and Far-Red Levels during Development

Kasperbauer, M. J.; Hamilton, James L.

doi:10.1104/pp.74.4.967

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These findings confirm those reported by KASPERBBAUER andHAMILTON (1984) andLEONG et al (1985). Red light is essential for the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and has been shown to increase the accumulation of starch in many plant species by the inhibition of translocation of photo-assimilates to other tissues (KASPERBBAUER and HAMILTON, 1984;SCHUERGER et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

et al. 2010

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The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of shading on the growth and development of the medicinal plant Ocimum selloi after 90 days. Seedlings were maintained under three different light treatments, namely, full sunlight vs coloured shade treatments provided by red and blue ChromatiNet ® 50% coloured netting. After 90 days of cultivation, height, stem diameter, petiole length, total leaf area (TLA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of each plant hare measured. Microscopic examination of leaf sections were conducted in order to determine the leaf blade thicknesses, together with the size and density of the stomata, the number and area of chloroplasts, and chloroplast starch grains present in the palisade parenchyma cells. Although coloured shade-grown plants were taller in comparison with those grown in full sunlight, total dry biomass together with root, stem and leaf tissue biomasses were lower. Plants exhibited phenotypic plasticity, as demonstrated by the different TLA, SLA, LAR and LWR values that were recorded under the various light treatments. Stomatal density and leaf thickness was increased in plants maintained in full sunlight owing to the expansion of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy parenchyma. Chloroplasts were more numerous and larger in plants grown under shading, whilst the accumulation of chloroplastic starch grains was greater in plants grown under red shading or in full sunlight.Key words: light quality and intensity; plastic coloured netting; plant anatomy; leaf morphology and structure. RESUMO EFEITO DO SOMBREAMENTO COM TELAS COLORIDAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO VEGETATIVO E ESTRUTURA FOLIAR DE Ocimum selloiO objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do sombreamento de Ocimum selloi com telas coloridas do tipo Cromatinet ® (50%) vermelha, azul e a condição natural de pleno sol (sem tela) sobre as características biométricas, fisiológicas, anatômicas e ultraestruturais da planta após 90 dias. As plantas nas telas coloridas tiveram maior crescimento em altura, mas o maior acúmulo de biomassa seca total e particionada e relação raiz: parte aérea (R:PA) ocorreram na condição de pleno sol. A espécie proporcionou plasticidade fenotípica, verificada pelos ajustes das variáveis área foliar total (AFT), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de área foliar (RAF) e razão de massa foliar (RPF) em função dos tratamentos. Ocorreu maior espessamento foliar na condição de pleno sol pelo somatório do maior espessamento da epiderme abaxial e do parênquima esponjoso. A densidade estomática foi maior nas plantas a pleno sol. O número de cloroplastos e seu tamanho foi maior nas telas coloridas, enquanto o maior acúmulo de amido ocorreu a pleno sol e tela vermelha.Palavras-chave: planta medicinal, telas coloridas, qualidade de luz, ultraestrutura foliar.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

et al. 2010

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“…For instance, it contains only little blue light, while it is well known that reductions in blue light lead to increased elongation . Furthermore, red light (Kasperbauer and Hamilton, 1984) and very long daily light periods increase accumulation of starch in the leaves (Dorais et al, 1996). Excess starch accumulation may occur when daily night periods become too short (< 4h) for the breakdown of starch and export of sucrose out of the leaves.…”

Section: Light Spectrum and Plant Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latest Developments in the Lighting Technologies in Dutch Horticulture

Marcelis

Maas²,

Heuvelink³

2002

Acta Hortic.

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The use of lamps for improvement of CO2-assimilation of greenhouse crops has increased enormously during the last 15 years in The Netherlands. The main reasons for the use of assimilation lighting are not only to increase crop production and product quality, especially in winter time, but also more and more to ensure a year round production and quality level which meets market demands.Assimilation lighting is often used for plant propagation and rose production, while its use in other ornamental crops is increasing rapidly. In addition, few producers of vegetables started to apply assimilation lighting. Some new trends are higher light intensities during longer periods, techniques to improve light output per lamp by enlarging the voltage and moveable lamps with high light intensities. The coming years the use of artificial lighting in the Netherlands will be affected by liberalization and legislation of the trade of energy (gas and electricity).Nowadays explanatory crop models are available that can predict crop growth quite accurately. These models in combination with models simulating the greenhouse climate are powerful tools to analyse effects of artificial lighting. Some results of a combined model for crop growth and greenhouse climate are shown with respect to different strategies for the operation of artificial lighting. It is shown that the light use efficiency (unit production per unit of PAR from lamps) decreases when intensive lighting regimes are applied. Besides light, lamps produce heat. Therefore, the energy demand of the heating system decreases when lights are turned on. This simulation study showed that it is possible to increase the energy use efficiency (unit production per unit of energy input from lamps and heating system together) by the use of lighting. DEVELOPMENTS IN DUTCH HORTICULTURE IntroductionGlasshouse horticulture is an important industry in The Netherlands, with a total area of glasshouses of almost 11 000 ha. The five most important crops are cut roses, cut chrysanthemums, sweet pepper, tomato and cucumber. The Dutch cultivation system can be characterised as being very intensive and sophisticated. Production levels are high (e.g. 80 kg m -2 cucumbers per year, 60 kg m -2 tomatoes per year, 180 stems m -2 large sized cut roses and 240 stems m -2 of cut chrysanthemums), and the input of natural resources is large (e.g. annual consumption of natural gas is 50-60 m 3 m -2 for fruit vegetables and 70-80m 3 m -2 for cut roses). Rapid innovations are the key to the competitiveness of the Dutch greenhouse horticulture. Some of the latest developments in the glasshouse industry in The Netherlands will be discussed here. The farm size is increasing rapidly. At the moment many farms have a size of 1-2 ha. However, the number of farms with a size of 3-6 ha is increasing rapidly and even bigger farms are formed. Each farm used to be run by one

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“…At the end of the daily light period, plants were exposed to either 5 min of R (3.6 W m-2 in the 600-700 nm waveband) or to 5 min of FR (3.6 W m-2 in the 700-770 nm waveband) at 25°C, then returned in darkness to the growth chamber for the remainder of the 12-h night. The R and FR radiation units were as described in earlier studies (14). Daily R and FR treatments began when seedlings reached the unifoliolate leaf stage.…”

Section: Srid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present research was undertaken to study the influence of the FR/R ratio in upwardly reflected light on Chl and LHC-II content under field conditions. Controlled environment studies have shown that the ratio ofFR' relative to R light acts through the phytochrome system to regulate stem elongation (6); leaf shape, thickness, and Chl concentration (16); and chloroplast structure including the number and size of grana and the Chl a/b ratio (14). The FR/ R ratio received during leaf development has been associated with photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves (16), and phytochrome involvement in the adaptation of the photosynthetic mechanism (12,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Controlled environment studies have shown that the ratio ofFR' relative to R light acts through the phytochrome system to regulate stem elongation (6); leaf shape, thickness, and Chl concentration (16); and chloroplast structure including the number and size of grana and the Chl a/b ratio (14). The FR/ R ratio received during leaf development has been associated with photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves (16), and phytochrome involvement in the adaptation of the photosynthetic mechanism (12,14). Other studies show that genes coding for LHC-II (4,7,20) and NADPH-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (2,19) are regulated by phytochrome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflected Far-Red Light Effects on Chlorophyll and Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Protein (LHC-II) Contents under Field Conditions

Bradburne¹,

Kasperbauer²,

Mathis³

1989

Plant Physiol.

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The influence of various colors of soil cover (mulch) on the farred/red (FR/R) ratio in upwardly reflected light and on concentrations of chlorophyll (Chi) and light-harvesting Chi protein were measured under field conditions. The FR/R ratios above green surfaces were higher than over white surfaces. Even though plants (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv PD-1) were grown in full sunlight, those that received higher FR/R ratios in upwardly reflected light were taller and had thinner leaves with higher concentrations of Chi and LHC-11. A controlled environment experiment showed FR/R control of Chi and LHC-11 concentrations. The results illustrate the importance of spectral distribution of reflected light on plant growth and a potential means of altering the chemistry of leaf crops under field conditions. survival among the perceived competition (1 1, 12). For example, plants in higher-density populations receive higher FR/R ratios and develop longer stems, a characteristic that increases the probability of keeping some leaves in sunlight.Since plants respond to the FR/R ratio and they cannot discern the source of an altered ratio, variously colored soils and soil surface covers (mulches) have been studied to determine effects on spectral distribution of upwardly reflected light and the associated effects on plant development (15). The spectral distribution of upwardly reflected light (particularly the FR/R ratio) can influence photosynthate partitioning, which alters shoot/root ratios and the amount of nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L.) (10) as well as the fruit yield of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (5). The present research was undertaken to study the influence of the FR/R ratio in upwardly reflected light on Chl and LHC-II content under field conditions. Controlled environment studies have shown that the ratio ofFR' relative to R light acts through the phytochrome system to regulate stem elongation (6); leaf shape, thickness, and Chl concentration (16)

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Chloroplast Structure and Starch Grain Accumulation in Leaves That Received Different Red and Far-Red Levels during Development

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

The Latest Developments in the Lighting Technologies in Dutch Horticulture

Reflected Far-Red Light Effects on Chlorophyll and Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll Protein (LHC-II) Contents under Field Conditions

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