Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract

equivocal zone, that is, between blue-green and yellow, other factors in the clinical picture were considered to be more important; however, when the reaction color was yellow, and especially when the same reaction was pro¬ duced with 0.05 ml. of serum, the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was considered to be definite. 550 Fifty white male adults were studied. A 25% solution of "Thorazine" was applied to the skin and covered with occlusive dressing. This was repeated after 3 days and again 3 days later.

Stuck in a rut: rethinking depression and its treatment

“…However, in the mid-20 th century, an explosion of psychopharmacologic research occurred. Contemporary with the discovery of the antimanic properties of lithium [22, 23] (now a standard first-line treatment for bipolar disorder) and the antipsychotic/antimanic properties of chlorpromazine [24, 25] (a treatment for schizophrenia), the first antidepressant medications were identified in the mid-1950’s. These included the tricyclic compound imipramine [26] and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) iproniazid [27, 28], leading to the “monoamine hypothesis” of depression [29–31].…”

Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders

“…The mid-twentieth-century discovery of medications with antimanic (Cade 1949, Schou et al 1954), antipsychotic (Bower 1954, Winkelman 1954), and antidepressant effects (Bailey et al 1959, Kiloh et al 1960, Kuhn 1958) essentially ended the lobotomy era. However, using novel stereotactic neurosurgical techniques allowing more focal ablation (initially viewed as a potential substitute for prefrontal leucotomy in psychiatric patients) (Hariz et al 2010, Spiegel et al 1947), surgery for severe, intractable psychiatric disorders has continued in a limited fashion.…”

Antipsychotic Agents

“…Gradually, it also became clear that chlorpromazine was more than a potent sedative, and that it exerted effects on emotional responses associated with delusions and hallucinations to decrease their intensity, as well as reducing general excitement and agitation, so as to suggest particular potential utility in the treatment of psychotic disorders typi fi ed by schizophrenia [ 194,204 ] . Chlorpromazine was given as early as 1954 in Canada and the United States [ 123,229 ] . Based on the initial experience with chlorpromazine, many pharmaceutical companies recognized an important innovative discovery and rapidly developed a series of chemically analogous compounds in the late 1950s, several of which became established antipsychotic drugs by the 1960s [ 21,88,113 ] .…”