“…Antibiotic residues, ARB, and ARGs in manure are considered a growing threat to the human, animal, and environmental health ( Lima et al, 2020 ). Ma et al (2021) investigated the influence of chlortetracycline on the gut microbiota in pigs and ARGs by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis. The result showed that after the addition of 75 mg/kg of chlortetracycline into the basal diet, the diversity of the gut microbiota in feces and manure dramatically reduced and affected its structure; regulating metabolic pathways mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, either propionate or pyruvate metabolism.…”
Section: Bacterial Resistance To Antibiotics In Food Animal Manurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, chlortetracycline residues and ARGs abundance in feces and manure gradually decreased with fermentation time, and aerobic composting more potently reduced ARGs abundance (by 84.4%) than anaerobic digestion (79.4%), indicating that fermentation could remove most of the antibiotic residues. The results suggest that although chlortetracycline can reduce the diversity of the gut microbiota in pigs and increase the abundance of ARGs in feces, fermentation may be a common effective method of waste recycling ( Ma et al, 2021 ). Huang J. et al (2021) investigated the effects of animal manure application on ARG abundance and bacterial distribution in the soil-plant system by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.…”
Section: Bacterial Resistance To Antibiotics In Food Animal Manurementioning
The overuse of antibiotics in food animals has led to the development of bacterial resistance and the widespread of resistant bacteria in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in food animals are currently considered emerging contaminants, which are a serious threat to public health globally. The current situation of ARB and ARGs from food animal farms, manure, and the wastewater was firstly covered in this review. Potential risks to public health were also highlighted, as well as strategies (including novel technologies, alternatives, and administration) to fight against bacterial resistance. This review can provide an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel antibacterial agents to reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic resistance in food animal farms.
“…Antibiotic residues, ARB, and ARGs in manure are considered a growing threat to the human, animal, and environmental health ( Lima et al, 2020 ). Ma et al (2021) investigated the influence of chlortetracycline on the gut microbiota in pigs and ARGs by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis. The result showed that after the addition of 75 mg/kg of chlortetracycline into the basal diet, the diversity of the gut microbiota in feces and manure dramatically reduced and affected its structure; regulating metabolic pathways mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, either propionate or pyruvate metabolism.…”
Section: Bacterial Resistance To Antibiotics In Food Animal Manurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, chlortetracycline residues and ARGs abundance in feces and manure gradually decreased with fermentation time, and aerobic composting more potently reduced ARGs abundance (by 84.4%) than anaerobic digestion (79.4%), indicating that fermentation could remove most of the antibiotic residues. The results suggest that although chlortetracycline can reduce the diversity of the gut microbiota in pigs and increase the abundance of ARGs in feces, fermentation may be a common effective method of waste recycling ( Ma et al, 2021 ). Huang J. et al (2021) investigated the effects of animal manure application on ARG abundance and bacterial distribution in the soil-plant system by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.…”
Section: Bacterial Resistance To Antibiotics In Food Animal Manurementioning
The overuse of antibiotics in food animals has led to the development of bacterial resistance and the widespread of resistant bacteria in the world. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in food animals are currently considered emerging contaminants, which are a serious threat to public health globally. The current situation of ARB and ARGs from food animal farms, manure, and the wastewater was firstly covered in this review. Potential risks to public health were also highlighted, as well as strategies (including novel technologies, alternatives, and administration) to fight against bacterial resistance. This review can provide an avenue for further research, development, and application of novel antibacterial agents to reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic resistance in food animal farms.
“…In-feed chlortetracycline in weaned piglets induced a lower species diversity of GIM composition, with an increase of Lactobacillus and Pseudoalteromonas along with a decrease of Prevotella, Sphaerochaeta, and Shuttleworthia genera. An increase in the abundance of the tetracyclines resistance genes tetC/G/Q/W, along with sul1/2 and intI1/2, was observed in chlortetracycline feed piglets compared to untreated controls [83]. Therapeutic effects of oxytetracycline were studied on piglets to compare IMI and oral administration [16].…”
Antibiotics are major disruptors of the gastrointestinal microbiota, depleting bacterial species beneficial for the host health and favoring the emergence of potential pathogens. Furthermore, the intestine is a reactor of antibiotic resistance emergence, and the presence of antibiotics exacerbates the selection of resistant bacteria that can disseminate in the environment and propagate to further hosts. We reviewed studies analyzing the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota and antibiotic resistance conducted on animals, focusing on the main food-producing and companion animals. Irrespective of antibiotic classes and animal hosts, therapeutic dosage decreased species diversity and richness favoring the bloom of potential enteropathogens and the selection of antibiotic resistance. These negative effects of antibiotic therapies seem ineluctable but often were mitigated when an antibiotic was administered by parenteral route. Sub-therapeutic dosages caused the augmentation of taxa involved in sugar metabolism, suggesting a link with weight gain. This result should not be interpreted positively, considering that parallel information on antibiotic resistance selection was rarely reported and selection of antibiotic resistance is known to occur also at low antibiotic concentration. However, studies on the effect of antibiotics as growth promoters put the basis for understanding the gut microbiota composition and function in this situation. This knowledge could inspire alternative strategies to antibiotics, such as probiotics, for improving animal performance. This review encompasses the analysis of the main animal hosts and all antibiotic classes, and highlights the future challenges and gaps of knowledge that should be filled. Further studies are necessary for elucidating pharmacodynamics in animals in order to improve therapy duration, antibiotic dosages, and administration routes for mitigating negative effects of antibiotic therapies. Furthermore, this review highlights that studies on aminoglycosides are almost inexistent, and they should be increased, considering that aminoglycosides are the first most commonly used antibiotic family in companion animals. Harmonization of experimental procedures is necessary in this research field. In fact, current studies are based on different experimental set-up varying for antibiotic dosage, regimen, administration, and downstream microbiota analysis. In the future, shotgun metagenomics coupled with long-reads sequencing should become a standard experimental approach enabling to gather comprehensive knowledge on GIM in terms of composition and taxonomic functions, and of ARGs. Decorticating GIM in animals will unveil revolutionary strategies for medication and improvement of animalsâ health status, with positive consequences on global health.
“…Interestingly, the different inhibition rates between the C4-HSL group and PQS group under CTC domestication stage were nonnegligible, which could be due to the different effects of two QS signals on the regulation of metabolic pathways ( Mukherjee and Bassler, 2019 ). At this time, the microbial community needed to adjust their structure and abundance, as well as regulating the gene expression, to response and resist the toxicity of CTC to make their metabolism consistent with the physiological needs for using CTC as energy supplier and electron donor ( Ma et al., 2021 ). Figure 2 Voltage output of the three MFCs groups (Blank, C4-HSL, and PQS) during CTC (5â30 mg/L) domestication stage …”
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