Chlorthalidone Reduces Calcium Oxalate Calculous Recurrence but Magnesium Hydroxide Does Not

Ettinger, Bruce; Citron, John T.; Livermore, Barbara M.; Dolman, Loren I.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42599-7

Cited by 247 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Prior randomized trials of thiazides and citrate to reduce kidney stone recurrence have been conducted among adult populations of primarily white men (23,24). However, the efficacy of thiazides for hypertension is dependent on age and race, and black women have a higher urine pH than age-matched white women, raising questions about potential differences in the efficacy of these medications for Model 5 included an interaction between race, sex, and year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012

Tasian

Ross

Song³

et al. 2016

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

211

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and objectives The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the United States has increased substantially, but recent changes in incidence with respect to age, sex, and race are not well characterized. This study examined temporal trends in the annual incidence and cumulative risk of nephrolithiasis among children and adults living in South Carolina over a 16-year period.Design, setting, participants, & measurements We performed a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study using the US Census and South Carolina Medical Encounter data, which capture all emergency department visits, surgeries, and admissions in the state. The annual incidence of nephrolithiasis in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012 was estimated, and linear mixed models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios for age, sex, and racial groups. The cumulative risk of nephrolithiasis during childhood and over the lifetime was estimated for males and females in 1997 and 2012.Results Among an at-risk population of 4,625,364 people, 152,925 unique patients received emergency, inpatient, or surgical care for nephrolithiasis. Between 1997 and 2012, the mean annual incidence of nephrolithiasis increased 1% annually from 206 to 239 per 100,000 persons. Among age groups, the greatest increase was observed among 15-19 year olds, in whom incidence increased 26% per 5 years (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.29). Adjusting for age and race, incidence increased 15% per 5 years among females (incidence rate ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.16) but remained stable for males. The incidence among blacks increased 15% more per 5 years compared with whites (incidence rate ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.17). These changes in incidence resulted in doubling of the risk of nephrolithiasis during childhood and a 45% increase in the lifetime risk of nephrolithiasis for women over the study period.Conclusions The incidence of kidney stones has increased among young patients, particularly women, and blacks.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012

Tasian

Ross

Song³

et al. 2016

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

211

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pharmacologic therapy is generally recommended for patients with high risk of recurrent stones (80,81). Thiazide or thiazidelike diuretics, citrate, and allopurinol reduce USD compared with placebo or control in patients with hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, or hyperuricosuria, respectively (92)(93)(94)(95). Guidelines for pharmacologic USD management differ.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Stone Disease: Advancing Knowledge, Patient Care, and Population Health

Scales

Tasian

Schwaderer

et al. 2016

CJASN

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Expanding epidemiologic and physiologic data suggest that urinary stone disease is best conceptualized as a chronic metabolic condition punctuated by symptomatic, preventable stone events. These acute events herald substantial future chronic morbidity, including decreased bone mineral density, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. Urinary stone disease imposes a large and growing public health burden. In the United States, 1 in 11 individuals will experience a urinary stone in their lifetime. Given this high incidence and prevalence, urinary stone disease is one of the most expensive urologic conditions, with health care charges exceeding $10 billion annually. Patient care focuses on management of symptomatic stones rather than prevention; after three decades of innovation, procedural interventions are almost exclusively minimally invasive or noninvasive, and mortality is rare. Despite these advances, the prevalence of stone disease has nearly doubled over the past 15 years, likely secondary to dietary and health trends. The NIDDK recently convened a symposium to assess knowledge and treatment gaps to inform future urinary stone disease research. Reducing the public health burden of urinary stone disease will require key advances in understanding environmental, genetic, and other individual disease determinants; improving secondary prevention; and optimal population health strategies in an increasingly cost-conscious care environment.

show abstract

“…A consistent finding in these trials is that stone-forma-tion rate between treated and control groups did not begin to diverge until after at least 1 year of therapy. Stones too small to be detected by imaging studies may be passed in the first few months and obscure beneficial effects of treatment (10).…”

Section: Thiazide Diuretics and Nephrolithiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evidence-Based Use of Thiazide Diuretics in Hypertension and Nephrolithiasis

Reilly¹,

Peixoto²,

Desir³

2010

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thiazide-type diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and nephrolithiasis. Evidence from randomized clinical trials needs to be considered in decisions about agent choice and dose. In nephrolithiasis, one of the major limitations of the literature is a paucity of data on the dose-response effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on urinary calcium excretion. The best available evidence for prevention of stone recurrence suggests the use of indapamide at 2.5 mg/d, chlorthalidone at 25 to 50 mg daily, or HCTZ 25 mg twice a day or 50 mg daily. In hypertension, chlorthalidone (12.5 to 30 mg daily) may be the best choice when a diuretic is used for initial therapy, with indapamide (1.5 mg daily) being a valuable alternative for older patients. When adding a thiazide to other drug classes, indapamide (2.5 mg daily) has demonstrated value in hypertensive patients who have had a stroke, and HCTZ (12.5 to 25 mg daily) has a safe track record in several patient groups. Although chlorthalidone has not been tested as add-on therapy, the authors believe it is a safe option in such cases.

show abstract

Chlorthalidone Reduces Calcium Oxalate Calculous Recurrence but Magnesium Hydroxide Does Not

Cited by 247 publications

References 18 publications

Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012

Annual Incidence of Nephrolithiasis among Children and Adults in South Carolina from 1997 to 2012

Urinary Stone Disease: Advancing Knowledge, Patient Care, and Population Health

The Evidence-Based Use of Thiazide Diuretics in Hypertension and Nephrolithiasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About