Chocolate versions of the Food Cravings Questionnaires. Associations with chocolate exposure-induced salivary flow and ad libitum chocolate consumption

Meule, Adrian; Hormes, Julia M.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.054

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, scores on the chocolate-adapted FCQ-T-r predicted chocolate craving intensity and frequency as well as chocolate consumption quantity and frequency in daily life as measured with ecological momentary assessment [94]. Similar to the FCQ-T and FCQ-T-r, discriminant validity is supported by the absent relationship of scores with current food deprivation (i.e., the time since the last meal [93]).…”

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In contrast to the FCQ-T-r, exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: one related primarily to thoughts about chocolate and one related primarily to lack of control over chocolate consumption. Internal reliability was excellent for the total scale and the subscales [93]. There are no data on retest-reliability yet, but-similar to the FCQ-T-r-the chocolate-adapted version is sensitive to change as indicated by decreased scores over a ten-day period during which participants had to record their daily chocolate consumption at the end of each day [94].…”

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Predictive validity is supported by studies that examined chocolate intake. Higher chocolate-related FCQ-T-r scores predicted higher chocolate consumption in the laboratory in participants who showed increases in salivary flow during a chocolate exposure [93]. Furthermore, scores on the chocolate-adapted FCQ-T-r predicted chocolate craving intensity and frequency as well as chocolate consumption quantity and frequency in daily life as measured with ecological momentary assessment [94].…”

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three items (13)(14)(15) for the measurement of hunger, which do not allow for a reference to specific foods (Table 2), were not changed. Although the scale was developed in German, the English items are also displayed in the article by Meule & Hormes [93]. In contrast to the original FCQ-S, a clear two-factor structure was found for the chocolate-adapted version representing a chocolate craving factor (Items 1-12) and a hunger factor (Items 13-15).…”

Section: Chocolate Version Of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chocolate version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Traitreduced For the chocolate version of the FCQ-T-r, the term chocolate was incorporated into each item of the German FCQ-T-r, but the English items are also displayed in the article by Meule and Hormes [93]. In contrast to the FCQ-T-r, exploratory factor analysis suggested two factors: one related primarily to thoughts about chocolate and one related primarily to lack of control over chocolate consumption.…”

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Meule

2020

Curr Addict Rep

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Purpose of Review The Food Cravings Questionnaires (FCQs; Cepeda-Benito, Gleaves, Williams, & Erath, 2000) are among the most widely used instruments for measuring food cravings. In addition to the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) and the Food Cravings Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S), several modified versions have been developed as well. For their 20th anniversary, this article provides a comprehensive description of the FCQs and reviews studies on their psychometric properties and correlates. Recent Findings The FCQs and their modified versions have excellent internal reliability. Expectedly, the FCQ-T (and its derivatives) has higher retest-reliability than the FCQ-S as the FCQ-S is sensitive to situational changes such as food deprivation and food intake. However, while the FCQ-T is largely unaffected by such momentary states, it is also sensitive to change during weight-loss treatments and other interventions. Factor structure of the FCQ-T and FCQ-S has only partially been replicated. Construct validity of the FCQs is supported by experimental and longitudinal studies that measured food craving and food consumption in the laboratory and with ecological momentary assessment. Summary Numerous studies support reliability and validity of the FCQs and their modified versions, yet findings about their factor structures are inconsistent. Thus, using total scores or the short versions of the FCQs may be preferable.

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Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chocolate Version Of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-statementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chocolate-specific Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Meule

2020

Curr Addict Rep

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Does acute stress influence the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect? Implications for substance use disorders

et al. 2020

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Rational The ability of conditioned stimuli to affect instrumental responding is a robust finding from animal as well as human research and is assumed as a key factor regarding the development and maintenance of addictive behaviour. Objectives While it is well known that stress is an important factor for relapse after treatment, little is known about the impact of stress on conditioned substance-associated stimuli and their influence on instrumental responding. Methods We administered in the present study a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm with stimuli associated with smoking-and chocolate-related rewards using points in a token economy to light to moderate smokers who also indicated to like eating chocolate. After completion of the first two phases of the PIT paradigm (i.e. Pavlovian training and instrumental trainings), participants were randomly allocated to the socially evaluated cold pressor test or a control condition before the final phase of the PIT paradigm, the transfer phase, was administered. Results The presentation of a smoking-related stimulus enhanced instrumental responding for a smoking-related reward (i.e. 'smoking-PIT' effect) and presentation of a chocolate-related stimulus for a chocolate-related reward (i.e. 'chocolate-PIT' effect) in participants aware of the experimental contingencies as indicated by expectancy ratings. However, acute stress did not change (i.e. neither enhanced nor attenuated) the 'smoking-PIT' effect or the 'chocolate-PIT' effect, and no overall effect of acute stress on tobacco choice was observed in aware participants. Conclusions The established role of stress in addiction appears not to be driven by an augmenting effect on the ability of drug stimuli to promote drug-seeking.

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Measuring approach–avoidance tendencies towards food with touchscreen-based arm movements

Meule

Richard

Lender

et al. 2019

Psychological Research

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Most tasks for measuring automatic approach-avoidance tendencies do not resemble naturalistic approach-avoidance behaviors. Therefore, we developed a paradigm for the assessment of approach-avoidance tendencies towards palatable food, which is based on arm and hand movements on a touchscreen, thereby mimicking real-life grasping or warding movements. In Study 1 (n = 85), an approach bias towards chocolate-containing foods was found when participants reached towards the stimuli, but not when these stimuli had to be moved on the touchscreen. This approach bias towards food observed in grab movements was replicated in Study 2 (n = 60) and Study 3 (n = 94). Adding task features to disambiguate distance change through either corresponding image zooming (Study 2) or emphasized self-reference (Study 3) did not moderate this effect. Associations between approach bias scores and trait and state chocolate craving were inconsistent across studies. Future studies need to examine whether touchscreen-based approach-avoidance tasks reveal biases towards other stimuli in the appetitive or aversive valence domain and relate to relevant interindividual difference variables.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

show abstract

Chocolate versions of the Food Cravings Questionnaires. Associations with chocolate exposure-induced salivary flow and ad libitum chocolate consumption

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Twenty Years of the Food Cravings Questionnaires: a Comprehensive Review

Does acute stress influence the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect? Implications for substance use disorders

Measuring approach–avoidance tendencies towards food with touchscreen-based arm movements

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