Cholecystokinin and Pancreozymin, one single Hormone?

Abstract

Secretin, cholecystokinin (GCK) and pancreozymin (PZ) are taken up on alginic acid from a dilute acetic acid extract of the heat‐coagulated duodeno‐jejunal mucosa of the hog. After elution they are precipitated with sodium chloride. From the salt cake secretin is taken up in methyl alcohol. From the material insoluble in methanol witli 5 Ivy dog units (IDU) of CCK per mg, the CCK and PZ activities are adsorbed on CMC cellulose and the active material further chromatographed on TEAE cellulose, resulting in a product with 250 IDU of CCK per mg. Further purification was achieved by passage through a Sephadex G 50 column and subsequent chromatography on an Amberlite XE‐64 column. The activity was now 3,000 (6,000) IDU/mg. Since Harper and Raper's original PZ preparation and a commercial sample of Pancreozymin Boots contain 0.3 Ivy dog units of cholecystokinin per mg the cholecystokinin activity has been enriched 10,000‐(20,000‐)fold. Parallel with this rise in strength of the CCK activity, as assayed in guinea pigs, runs an equal rise in the PZ activity, as determined in cats at three different levels of strength, namely at 0.3. 220 and 3,000 (6,000) IDU/mg. This observation strongly supports the assumption that both activities are exerted by one and the same substance. It is also known that, because of the methionine content of the purest polypeptide, both are inactivated through the action of a dilute H2aO2 solution. and both fully reactivated on subsequent reduction with cysteine hydrochloride.

Gastrin, cholecystokinin and gastrointestinal tract functions in mammals

“…Harper & Raper (1943) isolated a hormone that stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and named it pancreozymin. Over 20 years later, Jorpes & Mutt (1966) established that pancreozymin was the same substance as CCK. Moreover, later on it became evident that both regulatory substances did not totally fit into the classical hormonal definition as the other humoral substances act through blood circulation to induce specific biological effects in their target organs, since neurocrine, paracrine and luminocrine effects of CCK and/or gastrin have been reported (Konturek et al 1986a(Konturek et al , 2003bOwyang, 1996;Deng & Whitcomb, 1998).…”

Expression and localization of gastrin messenger RNA and peptide in spermatogenic cells.

“…They share an identical carboxyl-terminus Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2, which contains the active site ofboth hormones (1,2). The active site homology explains the overlapping spectra ofactivity and suggests that gastrin and CCK are derived from a common ancestor (3).…”

Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction.

“…Harper and Raper (2) in 1943 extracted from the small intestine a peptide that stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion and named it pancreozymin. It is now known that CCK and pancreozymin are the same molecule that has both gallbladder contractile and pancreatic stimulatory properties (3). Cholecystokininpancreozymin, now termed cholecystokinin, was originally identified in porcine intestine as a 33-amino acid peptide (CCK-33) that shares an identical carboxyl terminal pentapeptide sequence with gastrin.…”