Cholecystokinin elicits the complete behavioral sequence of satiety in rats.

Antin, Joseph H.; Gibbs, James; Holt, Jonathan P; Young, Robert C.; Smith, Gerard P.

doi:10.1037/h0077040

Cited by 592 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Effects were seen at 1, 2, and 4 h postinjection, with the highest dose (60 pmol) producing persistent anorexia over 24 h. To determine whether food intake was being reduced by a homeostatic mechanism, BSS analysis was performed using each of the doses. Agents which reduce food intake by sedative or aversive effects cause marked disturbance of the BSS pattern, whereas true satiety factors do not alter the overall sequence of behaviors (Antin et al, 1975;Halford et al, 1998). BSS analysis revealed a disruption of the behavior sequence following 60 pmol of PACAP, with the majority of time being spent "inactive."…”

Section: Pacap Induces Hypophagia and Thermogenesis Via Pac 1 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PACAP Neurons in the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Are Targets of Central Leptin Signaling

Hawke

Ivanov²,

Bechtold³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

140

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Section: Pacap Induces Hypophagia and Thermogenesis Via Pac 1 Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PACAP Neurons in the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Are Targets of Central Leptin Signaling

Hawke

Ivanov²,

Bechtold³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

140

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“…The rationale is that when a rat normally eats to satiety, it thereafter engages in a number of predictable, almost stereotyped behavioural patterns including grooming and drowsiness. They argue that since CCK elicits a reduction of food intake which is followed by an apparently identical sequence of behaviour patterns [29], the cessation of eating must be natural. Another approach has been to see if behaviour patterns other than eating are affected by the drug.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptides and the control of meal size

et al. 1981

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Summary. There are now a large number of experiments demonstrating that peripheral administration of exogenous cholecystokinin or its synthetic analogue, CCK-8, reduces meal size in a number of species. The peptide interacts with other factors which influence satiety, and treatments thought to be effective in eliciting secretion of cholecystokinin have predictable effects on meal size. Cholecystokinin is effective in the genetically obese Zucker rat, obese rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, and subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats. Somatostatin and bombesin are also reasonable candidates for satiety factors. Intraperitoneal naloxone reduces meal size in rats, and beta-endorphin injected intraventricularly causes an increase in meal size of 50% over 30 minutes. We conclude that cholecystokinin and bombesin may interact in weight regulation and control of meal time food intake.Key words: Satiety, CCK, bombesin, somatostatin, beta-endorphin, VIP, meal size, vagotomy, Zucker (Fatty) ratsWe have presented the view [1] that factors which regulate food intake can be separated into two categories, namely those that vary with the adipose mass and which, therefore, carry information regarding the level of adiposity, and those that affect food intake independently of body weight. We reviewed our hypothesis that the amount of insulin acting at the brain, perhaps via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is a key factor in the adiposity-determined regulation of food intake over long intervals. In the present paper, we shall review the evidence that other gastroenteropancreatic peptide hormones affect the size of individual meals and act relatively independently of the size of the adipose mass. In particular, we shall consider certain peptide hormones which are normally secreted in response to ingested foodstuffs. Some of these peptides act to reduce meal size and others act to increase it. This paper is divided into four sections. The first reviews selectively the literature dealing with peptides and satiety, focusing upon the ability of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) to reduce meal size. The second section covers other peptides purported to reduce meal size, and focuses upon recent work in our own lab utilizing the hormones somatostatin (SRIF) and bombesin (BB). A third section deals with the possibility that some other peptides, perhaps the endorphins, function as appetite enhancers, thus countering these other peptides. The final section examines some possible interactions of the peptide and meal size system with the insulin body adiposity system discussed in the previous paper [1]. CCK and SatietyBecause of the clinical importance attached to the determination of factors which might regulate appetite and/or the consumption of food, considerable research has been directed to this end. However, until the past fifteen years most of the focus was on psychological factors and nutrients, especially glucose levels [2,3], as major controllers. Although a large number of experiments provided evidence that nutrition...

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“…This occurs both through vagal nerve stimulation as well as via hormonal mediators, some of which are also expressed in the CNS [38][39][40].…”

Section: Impact Of Bariatric Surgery On Gastrointestinal Mediators Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bariatric surgery for extreme adolescent obesity: Indications, outcomes, and physiologic effects on the gut–brain axis

Xanthakos

2008

Pathophysiology

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Objective-This review will summarize current indications, limitations and outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents, as well as provide an overview of the physiologic effects of bariatric surgery on enteric hormones involved in regulating appetite, satiation and maintenance of weight.Results-Extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 99 percentile) now affects 4% of children and adolescents in the United States. Traditional dietary and behavioral weight management methods have no demonstrated efficacy for extremely obese children and adolescents, in contrast with bariatric surgery which has produced significant and sustainable weight loss and associated improvements in comorbid diseases for the extremely obese. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures in adolescents, but vertical sleeve gastrectomy may be a promising new option for selected extremely obese adolescents. A mean weight loss of 37-40% is achieved in adolescents after RYGB, with LAGB showing similar results, albeit attained at a slower rate.Conclusion-Alterations in the enteric hormones involved in the gut-brain axis that regulates appetite and energy expenditure may play a role in both the anorexigenic and weight-reducing effects of certain bariatric surgical procedures. In particular, RYGB induces a rise in both fasting and post-prandial peptide tyrosine-tyrosine which could contribute to the more rapid and greater degree of weight loss than is seen with LAGB. Limitations of bariatric surgery however include the potential for post-operative morbidity and mortality, as well as possible weight regain in a small proportion of patients.

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Cholecystokinin elicits the complete behavioral sequence of satiety in rats.

Cited by 592 publications

References 11 publications

PACAP Neurons in the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Are Targets of Central Leptin Signaling

PACAP Neurons in the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Are Targets of Central Leptin Signaling

Peptides and the control of meal size

Bariatric surgery for extreme adolescent obesity: Indications, outcomes, and physiologic effects on the gut–brain axis

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