Choline, Methionine and Sulphate Interrelationships in Poultry Nutrition—A Review

Ruiz, N.; Miles, R. D.; Harms, R. H.

doi:10.1079/wps19830017

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Choline is important as a source of labile methyl groups for the biosynthesis of other methylated compounds (Ruiz et al 1983;Stipanuk, 1986;Xue & Snoswell, 1986a,b;Zeisel, 1992;Mato et al 1994). The demand for choline as methyl donor is probably the main factor determining how rapidly choline deficiency induces a disease state (Zeisel et al 1991).…”

Section: Choline As Methyl Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these compounds the methyl groups are labile partly due to their attachment to hetero-atoms (nitrogen in betaine, sulfur in SAM), which can easily increase their covalent valency to become positively charged (Ruiz et al 1983). Because they both contain labile methyl groups, choline and Met are closely interrelated metabolically (Stipanuk, 1986;Xue & Snoswell, 1986a,b;Zeisel, 1992;Mato et al 1994), as shown in Fig.1.…”

Section: Choline As Methyl Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PtdCho is one of the most abundant phospholipids in higher plants and animals, and is the predominant phospholipid (>50 %) in most mammalian cell membranes (Kuksis & Mookerjea, 1978;Ruiz et al 1983;Zeisel, 1988Zeisel, , 1992. Choline is essential for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Kuksis & Mookerjea, 1978;Zeisel, 1988).…”

Section: Choline Per Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choline is required to prevent haemorrhagic kidney lesions in rats (Kuksis & Mookerjea, 1978) and, together with other nutrients particularly Mn salts, is required to prevent perosis, a bone disease of poultry (Ruiz et al 1983).…”

Section: Choline Per Sementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first step in choline catabolism is oxidation to betaine (Ruiz et al 1983;Zeisel, 1988). This is a two-step process in which choline is first oxidised to betaine aldehyde by choline-oxidase, which is further oxidised to betaine by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Are Choline and Betaine Interchangeable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative mammalian choline metabolism with emphasis on the high-yielding dairy cow

2002

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The present review examines the importance of choline in dairy cow nutrition. Choline is an essential nutrient for mammals when excess methionine and folate are not available in the diet. The requirement for choline can be met by dietary choline and by transmethylation reactions. Two types of functions for choline are known: functions of choline per se; functions as a methyl donor. The two principal methyl donors in animal metabolism are betaine, a metabolite of choline, and S-adenosyl-methionine, a metabolite of methionine. Choline and methionine are interchangeable with regard to their methyl group-furnishing functions. In adult ruminants, choline is extensively degraded in the rumen; for this reason dietary choline contributes insignificantly to the choline body pool and methyl group metabolism is generally conservative with a relatively low rate of methyl catabolism and an elevated rate of de novo synthesis of methyl groups via the tetrahydrofolate system. In dairy ruminants, the dietary availability of choline is still low, but the output of methylated compounds in milk is high, and precursors from the tetrahydrofolate pathway are limiting, especially at the onset of lactation. Therefore choline may be a limiting nutrient for milk production in high-yielding dairy cows.

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Section: Choline As Methyl Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choline As Methyl Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choline Per Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choline Per Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Are Choline and Betaine Interchangeable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative mammalian choline metabolism with emphasis on the high-yielding dairy cow

2002

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Choline

2000

Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition

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The effects of dietary methionine and glycine on lead toxicity in choline-deficient chicks

Latta

Donaldson

1986

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A 2×2×2 factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine, glycine, and lead (Pb) in cholinedeficient chicks. The variables were: adequate or deficient methionine; adequate or excess glycine; and 0 or 1000 ppm lead (as Pb acetate 3H2O). Methionine stimulated growth when added to the methionine-deficient diets, but the response was greater when supplemental glycine was present. Addition of glycine to the glycine-adequate diets stimulated growth in the presence of adequate but not deficient methionine. The patterns of response to methionine were the same at both 0 and 1000 ppm dietary Pb. Added Pb depressed growth with all diets, but the depression was greater in methionine-deficient than in methionine-adequate diets. Hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were increased by both supplemental methionine and lead, and the effects were additive. Glycine levels did not significantly alter NPSH and GSH concentrations. Both methionine and glycine lowered Pb concentrations in kidney, and the effects were additive. The results are consistent with previous observations that added methionine ameliorates Pb-induced growth depression with choline-adequate diets, however, this effect is not as pronounced with choline-deficient diets. The results suggest (1) that glycine is limiting for growth in choline-deficient, methionine-adequate diets, and (2) that methionine and glycine may enhance Pb detoxification by different mechanisms.

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Choline, Methionine and Sulphate Interrelationships in Poultry Nutrition—A Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

Comparative mammalian choline metabolism with emphasis on the high-yielding dairy cow

Comparative mammalian choline metabolism with emphasis on the high-yielding dairy cow

Choline

The effects of dietary methionine and glycine on lead toxicity in choline-deficient chicks

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