Cholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase in the earthworm &lt;i&gt;Apporectodea caliginosa&lt;/i&gt; as biomarkers of organophosphate exposure

Booth, Lynn; Heppelthwaite, V. J.; Eason, Charles

doi:10.30843/nzpp.1998.51.11675

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported in A. caliginosa earthworms exposed to chlorpyrifos at 0.51 and 10 mg/kg for 21 days with 84% and 97% AchE inhibition respectively (Sanchez-Hernandez et al, 2014). Booth et al (1998) reported AChE inhibition of up to 87% by chlorpyrifos even on day 1 of exposure, and remained low for 14 days. In our study, relative AChE activity (V max , indicative of total enzyme activity) in earthworms exposed for 7 and 14 days decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Similar results have been reported in A. caliginosa earthworms exposed to chlorpyrifos at 0.51 and 10 mg/kg for 21 days with 84% and 97% AchE inhibition respectively (Sanchez‐Hernandez et al, ). Booth et al () reported AChE inhibition of up to 87% by chlorpyrifos even on day 1 of exposure, and remained low for 14 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earthworms (five per dose) exposed to each of four chlorpyrifos concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) for 7 and 14 days (not 28 days because, according to the literature, AChE activity is only a short‐term response; Booth et al, ) used. The earthworms were partially narcotized (to avoid excessive muscle contractions) by placing them in a refrigerator for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic toxicity of commercial chlorpyrifos to earthworm Pheretima peguana

Muangphra

Tharapoom

Euawong

et al. 2015

Environmental Toxicology

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A chronic toxicity study was conducted in earthworms (Pheretima peguana) exposed to soil spiked with chlorpyrifos at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg soil dry matter for 7, 14, and 28 days. The integrity of the coelomocyte lysosomal membrane, nervous system, and male reproductive tissue was monitored using, respectively, the neutral-red retention assay, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme assay, and histomorphology of spermatogenic cells in the seminal vesicles and cocoon production (at 28 days after 28 days' exposure). Chlorpyrifos decreased the coelomocyte neutral-red retention time (NRRT) significantly (p < 0.05) at concentrations > 0.1 mg/kg soil as early as day 7 of exposure and was dose- and time-dependent. Chlorpyrifos inhibition of AChE activity was greater at day 7 than at day14 (p < 0.05) indicating possibly nerve recovery. Chlorpyrifos induced concentration-dependent damage to spermatogenic cells and cytophores in premature stages. The number and size of premature, maturing, and fully mature spermatogenic stages were increased at low concentrations (<1 mg/kg) but a number of these maturation stages declined at higher concentrations (10 and100 mg/kg) on day 28. The most severe effects were observed in the maturing and fully mature stages at the highest chlorpyrifos concentration, and this had an adverse impact on cocoon production and cocoon viability. Collectively, the results suggest induction of widespread effects on multiple organ systems in P. peguana exposed to chlorpyrifos. Although NRRT and AChE activity were the most sensitive of the biomarkers, cocoon production and cocoon viability could still be considered as diagnostic tools for monitoring effects from low-dose long-term chlorpyrifos toxicity and for evaluating population effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1450-1459, 2016.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chronic toxicity of commercial chlorpyrifos to earthworm Pheretima peguana

Muangphra

Tharapoom

Euawong

et al. 2015

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Templeton silt loam (17% clay, 52% silt, 31% sand, 3.9% organic matter) was used for these experiments. Juvenile earthworms 3 months old and weighing between 200 and 300 mg were exposed for 28 days to the highest sub-lethal concentration (high concentration) of chlorpyrifos (28 mg/kg) or diazinon (60 mg/kg), as determined in previous experiments (Booth et al 1998), and a laboratory-simulated field rate (low concentration) for each pesticide and compared with controls. The laboratorysimulated field rates were determined as an estimate of the amount of pesticide that earthworms are exposed to in the soil.…”

Section: Assessment Of Earthworm Fecunditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study is part of a multistage project to develop a suite of validated biomarkers for exposure to the organophosphates, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, that can be related to higher-order effects. Stage one of this research was evaluation of potential biomarkers in the earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) under laboratory conditions (Booth et al 1998). Stage two was evaluation of these biomarkers in a semi-field and field experiment (Booth et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth development and fecundity of the earthworm <i>Aporrectodea caliginosa</i> after exposure to two organophosphates

Booth¹,

Heppelthwaite²,

O’Halloran³

2000

NZPP

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The effect on fecundity of two organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon was assessed in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa Juveniles were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of each organophosphate the lowest of which was a laboratorysimulated field rate for 4 weeks and recovery was monitored for 12 weeks in organophosphatefree soil Growth maturation cocoon production and hatching success in resulting adults was monitored Growth was reduced by both pesticides during exposure but not in the recovery phase Chlorpyrifos affected maturation rates and fecundity at the highest concentration but diazinon had no effect at either concentration These preliminary results suggest no effects of these pesticides at field rates but the effects of longer term pesticide exposure on fecundity should be determined

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Sublethal responses of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to organophosphorous insecticides

Erp

Booth

Gooneratne

et al. 2002

Environmental Toxicology

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The activities of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes were assessed in the wolf spider (Lycosa hilaris) as biomarkers of organophosphate contamination in agricultural ecosystems. Spiders were exposed to simulated field rates of two commercially available organophosphorous insecticides [Basudin (diazinon) and Lorsban (chlorpyrifos)] under laboratory conditions. In terms of survival, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were more toxic to male than to female wolf spiders, but gender-specific differences in ChE activities were not evident. Cholinesterase activity in male spiders was inhibited to 14% and 61% of control activity by Basudin and Lorsban, respectively. Gluthathione S-transferase activity was not affected by either pesticide. Mortality and biomarker responses in the wolf spider were further investigated following the application of Basudin to pasture. Wolf spiders were deployed into field mesocosms; after 24 h mortality was 40%, and surviving spiders displayed significant inhibition of ChE activity (87%) compared with controls. Cholinesterase activity in spiders exposed for subsequent 24- or 48-h time periods was monitored until it returned to control levels 8 days post-application. Inhibition of ChE activity after a single application of Basudin indicate the potential use of this enzyme in wolf spiders as a biomarker for evaluating organophosphate contamination.

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Cholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase in the earthworm <i>Apporectodea caliginosa</i> as biomarkers of organophosphate exposure

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Chronic toxicity of commercial chlorpyrifos to earthworm Pheretima peguana

Chronic toxicity of commercial chlorpyrifos to earthworm Pheretima peguana

Growth development and fecundity of the earthworm <i>Aporrectodea caliginosa</i> after exposure to two organophosphates

Sublethal responses of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to organophosphorous insecticides

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