Cholinesterase inhibitory potential of different Alternaria spp. and their phylogenetic relationships

Abstract

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors are used for the treatment of various disorders related to decline in acetylcholine levels in the brain by inhibiting the activity of the neurotransmitter AChE. The present study reports the potential of endophytic Alternaria spp. for their potential to produce cholinesterase inhibitors active against both acetylcholine and butyrylcholine. Twenty-nine isolates belonging to Alternaria spp. were isolated from different plants and screened. Variation with respect to inhibitor production was observed in different isolates. Out of 29 cultures screened, good cholinesterase (both AChE and BChE) inhibitory activity in range of 70-85% was observed in three isolates, whereas three showed only AChE inhibition. No correlation was observed in AChE and BChE inhibitor production. TLC bioautography for the inhibitor in the selected cultures evinced different Rf values of inhibitors indicating different nature of the compounds produced. In order to analyze evolutionary relationships between producer and non-producer strains, phylogenetic analysis of six producer and five non-producer strains was carried out using amplified ITS-I-5.8SrDNA-ITS-II region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed majority of the non-producer strains to be present on different clades indicating different evolutionary origins. The dual cholinesterase inhibitory activity and the diversity in the inhibitors produced by different isolates could prove to be novel sources of pharmaceutical as well as agriculturally important biomolecules after purification and characterization.

The anti-acetylcholinesterase, insecticidal and antifungal activities of the entophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. isolated from Ricinus communis L. against Locusta migratoria L. and Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.

“…The fungi produced a wide range of secondary metabolites that can contribute positively in an agricultural context against several pests [43]. Among them the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory molecules could be applied in agriculture to control insects and other arthropod pests [44], by acting against their nervous systems [45] and increasing their acetylcholine level which induces a repetitive activity of the neurons leading to the death of the insect [46]. In comparison with our study, a 70%…”

Cholinesterase inhibitor (Altenuene) from an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata : optimization, purification and characterization

“…Although various bioactivities such as antimicrobial and cytotoxicity have been reported from endophytic A. alternata isolated from different plants (Devari et al 2014;Wang et al 2014;Kamal et al 2015), there are very few reports on AChE inhibition. Singh et al (2014) demonstrated dual cholinesterase inhibitory activity in Alternaria spp isolated from different plants. It has been suggested that the use of dual cholinesterase inhibitors for both AChE and BuChE as targets, may prove more effective in treating patients with AD, hence increasing their potential as pharmaceutical agents.…”

“…Singh et al . () demonstrated dual cholinesterase inhibitory activity in Alternaria spp isolated from different plants. It has been suggested that the use of dual cholinesterase inhibitors for both AChE and BuChE as targets, may prove more effective in treating patients with AD, hence increasing their potential as pharmaceutical agents.…”

<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Silico</i> Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-HIV and Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Endophytic Fungi, <i>Cladosporium uredinicola</i> Phytochemicals

“…and these results were compared with standard drug Galantamine ( Table 7). The inhibition of these enzymes may be due to the C. uredinicola phytochemicals may adsorbed or interact with AChE or BChE protein [44][45]. The molecular interaction studies were carried out between C. uredinicola phytochemicals with oxidant, HIV-1, diabetes and acetyl-cholinesterase proteins.…”