Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells: Greater doses of growth factor are necessary

Abstract

There have been controversies regarding the chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The purpose of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that chondrogenesis can be achieved from ATMSCs comparable to that from BMMSCs by using greater dose of currently known chondrogenic growth factors. Chondrogenesis was induced from ATMSCs by culturing them in pellets under the following conditions: #1 without growth factors (negative control); #2 5 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 ; #3 5 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 and 100 ng/mL of IGF-I; #4 15 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 ; #5 15 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 and 300 ng/mL of IGF-I; #6 25 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 ; #7 25 ng/mL of TGF-b 2 and 500 ng/mL of IGF-I. After 4 weeks of in vitro culture, the pellets were harvested for DNA quantification, analysis of the glycosaminoglycan content, reverse transcription, and real-time PCR for collagen type I (COL1A1), collagen type II (COL2A1), and Sox-9. Safranin-O and immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen also were carried out, and histological grading was performed based on the findings. A combination of 25 ng/mL TGF-b 2 and 500 ng/mL IGF-I produced results comparable to the positive control (BMMSCs treated with 5 ng/mL TGF-b 2 ) as demonstrated by DNA amount, GAG analysis, real-time PCR, and histological findings. Although ATMSCs have lower chondrogenic potentials than BMMSCs, chondrogenesis comparable to BMMSCs can be induced from ATMSCs using a greater dose combination of growth factors. These results lend a further support to the application of ATMSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. ß

Stem cells from adipose tissue

“…Several in vitro studies have shown the chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs using a medium growth factor supplemented with insulin growth factor (IGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [52][53][54][55]. The chondrogenic differentiation potential of ASCs was confirmed by their ability to generate cartilage in a variety of experimental models.…”

Evaluation of nanosilver efficacy along with transforming growth factor (TGF) in induction of chondrogenesis: An animal study

“…This system was believed to increase stability and bioactivity of growth factors (Kim and Im, 2008;Jaklenec et al, 2008).…”

“…The undifferentiated mesenchymal cells can be differentiated from chondroblasts in presence of growth factors as Insulin-like growth factor (IGF), Transforming growth factor (TGF) and Bone morphogenic factor (BMP) (Erickson et al, 2002;Sheyn et al, 2008). The higher dose of these factors or combination of them was recommended to achieve this differentiation (Hennig et al, 2007;Kim and Im, 2008;Kim and Im, 2009). These growth factors have sensitivity to increased pH level, temperature and proteolysis procedures.…”

Treatment of osteoarthritis with mesenchymal stem cells

“…Compared with BM-MSCs, AMSCs have lower innate chondrogenesis, though high-dose combinations of growth factors (TGFβ2 and IGF-1) were capable of inducing comparable chondrogenesis in both cell types [56]. Recently, the impact of culture medium on the differentiation capacity of A-MSCs and BM-MSCs has been investigated.…”