Chondroitin sulphate extracted from antler cartilage using high hydrostatic pressure and enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract

Chondroitin sulphate (CS), a major glycosaminoglycan, is an essential component of the extracellular matrix in cartilaginous tissues. Wapiti velvet antlers are a rich source of these molecules. The purpose of the present study was to develop an effective isolation procedure of CS from fresh velvet antlers using a combination of high hydrostatic pressure (100 MPa) and enzymatic hydrolysis (papain). High CS extractability (95.1 ± 2.5%) of total uronic acid was obtained following incubation (4 h at 50 °C) with papain at pH 6.0 in 100 MPa compared to low extractability (19 ± 1.1%) in ambient pressure (0.1 MPa). Antler CS fractions were isolated by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography and identified by western blot using an anti-CS monoclonal antibody. The antler CS fraction did not aggregate with hyaluronic acid in CL-2B chromatography and possessed DPPH radical scavenging activity at 78.3 ± 1.5%. The results indicated that high hydrostatic pressure and enzymatic hydrolysis procedure may be a useful tool for the isolation of CS from antler cartilaginous tissues.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Peptides Released from β-Lactoglobulin by High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis

“…A pressure of 100 MPa increased the activity of α- and β-amylases from barley malt by 25% and 16%, respectively, and enhanced the catalytic activity of α-chymotrypsin by sevenfold [ 28 ]. Similar reports also confirmed the higher efficiency of enzymes under HHP in hydrolyzing antler protein [ 29 ], and the extraction of saponins from ginseng root [ 22 ]. Stapelfeldt et al reported that the hydrolysis of BLG by pepsin—which is a slow process under ambient conditions—was facilitated under high hydrostatic pressure (300 MPa).…”

Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activities, and Element Concentrations of Rusa Deer Velvet Antler Extracts

“…ey have been used in Asian countries for more than a thousand years with a variety of medicinal purposes including antioxidant, antifatigue, immunomodulating, and libido boosting. Steroid hormones, chondroitin sulphate, phospholipids, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and protein hydrolysate were thought to be antioxidants found in velvet antler extracts [2]. Testosterone in velvet antlers was effective in improving sexual function and boosting libido [3].…”

Enzymatic hydrolysate from velvet antler suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and attenuates obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice

“…Many studies have identified anti-obesity agents from natural products, especially from herbs and plants (Kong et al, 2009[ 18 ]; Popovich et al, 2010[ 26 ]; Ko et al, 2013[ 17 ]; Mohamed et al, 2014[ 24 ]). However, despite the discoveries of various bioactive components in animal tissues that can be used in the prevention and treatment of many human diseases (Chen et al, 2010[ 2 ]; Ge et al, 2012[ 6 ]; Kim et al, 2014[ 14 ]; Lee et al, 2015[ 21 ]), reports that document the anti-obesity activity of health foods from animal sources are still relatively rare.…”