Chondroprotective effects of purple corn anthocyanins on advanced glycation end products induction through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling

Abstract

Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with diabetes mellitus, contributes to prominent features of osteoarthritis, i.e., inflammation-mediated destruction of articular cartilage. Among the phytochemicals which play a role in anti-inflammatory effects, anthocyanins have also been demonstrated to have anti-diabetic properties. Purple corn is a source of three major anthocyanins: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Purple corn anthocyanins have been demonstrated to be involved in the reduction of diabetes-associated inflammation, suggesting that they may have a beneficial effect on diabetes-mediated inflammation of cartilage. This investigation of the chondroprotective effects of purple corn extract on cartilage degradation found a reduction in glycosaminoglycans released from AGEs induced cartilage explants, corresponding with diminishing of uronic acid loss of the cartilage matrix. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms in human articular chondrocytes showed the anti-inflammatory effect of purple corn anthocyanins and the metabolite, protocatechuic acid (PCA) on AGEs induced human articular chondrocytes via inactivation of the NFκb and MAPK signaling pathways. This finding suggests that purple corn anthocyanins and PCA may help ameliorate AGEs mediated inflammation and diabetes-mediated cartilage degradation.

Physalin A Inhibits MAPK and NF-κB Signal Transduction Through Integrin αVβ3 and Exerts Chondroprotective Effect

“…Makino that has many pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammatory ( Lin et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021b ), anti-tumor ( Han et al, 2011 ; He et al, 2013a ; He et al, 2013b ; He et al, 2014 ; Kang et al, 2016 ), anti-fungal, anti-cough, and analgesic activities. The MAPK, together with NF-κB signaling pathway, is thought to play crucial roles in the development of OA, as activation of these two pathway causes cartilage inflammation and damage ( Lianxu et al, 2006 ; Lepetsos et al, 2019 ; Chuntakaruk et al, 2021 ; Deng et al, 2021 ). Therefore, inhibition of these pathways may be a method of OA treatment ( Wu et al, 2020 ).…”

Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

“…Further, cyanidin suppressed interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory changes in human chondrocytes. Anthocyanins from purple corn showed anti-inflammatory effects on AGE-induced human articular chondrocytes by inactivation of the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways [ 244 ]. Davidson’s plum containing cyanidin 3-glucoside (8 mg/kg/day) reduced obesity-induced degeneration of knee cartilage in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome [ 67 ].…”

“…Anthocyanins may also alter bone remodelling in osteoporosis by epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis, and bone mineralisation [ 247 ]. Further, purple corn anthocyanins and protocatechuic acid produced anti-inflammatory effects on advanced glycation end-products in human articular chondrocytes by inactivation of the NF-κb and MAPK signalling pathways [ 244 ].…”

Overview of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Polyphenols to Halt Osteoarthritis: From Preclinical Studies to New Clinical Insights

“…Several authors have investigated in vitro the effect of PPs on inflammation in OA [ 25 , 26 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ,...…”