Choroidal Vascularity Index as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Gediz, Berrak Şekeryapan; Öztürk, Mehmet; Hekimsoy, Hilal Kılınç; Yuksel, Emine Gokcen; Erol, Yasemin Özdamar

doi:10.1080/09273948.2020.1800052

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…After searching the abstracts and applying the eligibility criteria on identified potential abstracts, eight articles published between January 2010 and November 2020 were included in the present systematic review, involving 31,204 OCD patients from different countries. Out of the eight studies [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], five were randomized controlled studies [16,17,[20][21][22], while two studies were retrospective [15,19], and one study was a total-population multigenerational family cohort study [18]. Furthermore, the pediatric population was examined in three papers [17,19,20], while the adult population was examined in four articles [15,16,21,22], and both adults and pediatrics were examined in one multi-generation study [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is worth mentioning that theirs was a retrospective study, which could limit its findings. Sekeryapan et al [ 16 ] conducted another randomized controlled study that examined the correlation of two inflammatory indicators [NLR and choroidal vascularity index (CVI)] with OCD. They reported a significant increase in the level of inflammatory indicators in patients with OCD (p<0.05).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Rheumatological and Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Alsheikh

2021

Cureus

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Rheumatological and Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Alsheikh

2021

Cureus

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“…Second, mounting evidence suggests that OCD is a systemic inflammatory disease and that systemic inflammation, including elevated levels of CRP (C-reactive protein) and IL (interleukin)-6, increase the risk of cerebrocardiovascular events later in life. 19,20 Sekeryapan Gediz et al 19 reported a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and choroidal vascularity index, which are 2 biomarkers of systemic inflammation, in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. Turna et al 20 revealed that CRP level was elevated in patients with OCD compared with controls and that CRP had a moderate to strong association with psychiatric symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2021

Stroke

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Background and Purpose: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to be comorbid with stroke-related risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the temporal association between OCD and subsequent stroke risk is unclear. Methods: Using data collected between 2001 and 2010 by Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, 28 064 adult patients with OCD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ ICD-9-CM ] code: 300.3) and 28 064 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls were included in this study. Patients who developed ischemic ( ICD-9-CM codes: 433, 434, and 435) and hemorrhagic ( ICD-9-CM codes: 430, 431, and 432) stroke during follow-up (from enrollment to end of 2011) were identified. Moreover, medications used for treating OCD were assessed. Results: Patients with OCD (hazard ratio [HR], 3.02 [95% CI, 1.91–4.77]), especially middle-aged (HR, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.34–5.29]) and elderly adults (HR, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.70–7.05]), had an elevated risk of developing ischemic stroke during the follow-up period compared with non-OCD controls. The cumulative HR of hemorrhagic stroke did not differ (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.42–1.80]) between the OCD and non-OCD groups. In patients with OCD, both short- (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 0.74–3.88]; HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.05–1.95]) and long-term use (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.60–3.16]; HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.22–3.76]) of OCD medications were not correlated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke compared with nonuse. Conclusions: Clinicians should closely monitor cerebrovascular disease and related risks in patients with OCD. The pathomechanism of OCD with an increased risk of ischemic stroke warrants further investigation.

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“…Both OCD and DES are multifactorial diseases and may have a common pathophysiological mechanism. 1,[7][8][9]11,[20][21][22] There is plentiful proof that low-grade inflammation and a tendency to increased inflammation prevail from early life in OCD. 7,8,12 The studies demonstrated raised levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-a in patients with OCD as compared with normal controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Although the exact cause is unknown, previous studies have suggested the role of immune dysregulation with increased acute phase reactants, inflammatory cytokines, and activated autoantibodies in the underlying pathogenesis of OCD. [7][8][9] Although ocular inflammation in patients with OCD has been reported in a few studies, 10,11 ocular surface findings and the relationship between dry eye and OCD have not been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Dry Eye Disease and Newly Diagnosed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Eroglu

Gediz

Öztürk

et al. 2021

Cornea

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between dry eye disease and patients with newly diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods: Thirty treatment-naive patients with OCD and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. The Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear breakup time, Schirmer I test, corneal and conjunctival staining grade (Oxford scale), and neutrophil-toleucocyte ratio values were obtained for all participants.Results: The comparison of the patients with OCD and healthy controls showed significantly higher values in Ocular Surface Disease Index (34.8 vs. 20.8, P = 0.001), corneal Oxford scoring (0.9 vs. 0.6, P = 0.02), and conjunctival Oxford scoring (0.8 vs. 0.5, P = 0.04), with consistently lower values in the Schirmer I test (15.7 vs. 18.8, P = 0.043) and tear breakup time (9.1 vs. 12.9, P = 0.001). The mean neutrophil-to-leucocyte ratio values were significantly higher in the OCD group compared with the controls (2.4 6 0.9 vs. 1.6 6 0.4, respectively; P = 0.001). Conclusions:Our study showed a relation between dry eye disease and patients with newly diagnosed OCD who were not using any psychiatric drug. Our findings suggest that inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both diseases, may be responsible for this relationship.

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Choroidal Vascularity Index as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Rheumatological and Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Rheumatological and Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review

Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

Association Between Dry Eye Disease and Newly Diagnosed Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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