Chorological Structure of natural focal infections in the Asian part of the Russian Federation

HFRS is a relevant threat to the sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population of the Russian Federation. It takes a leading position in the structure of natural-focal ifections of viral etiology incidence around the country. The most unfavorable situation on HFRS morbidity rates (more than 80% of the overall incidence) is observed in the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District (VFD). The purpose of the work is to differentiate the territory of the Volga Federal District in terms of the potential epidemic hazard (PEH) of HFRS infection. Materials and methods. We used information on the HFRS incidence contained in the statistical reporting form No. 1 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” and the data on epizootic activity of natural HFRS foci from the established forms of surveys and forecasts of the state of population and the numbers of small mammals over the period of 2014-2018. The assessment of the PEH level of HFRS infection was carried out according to the original method developed with the participation of the authors. The software used was the analytical platform Deductor Professional and the geo-information system Arc GIS. Results and discussion. Among the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District an extremely high level of risk of HFRS infection (6 points), the first type of territories, was established for the Udmurt Republic, the Republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mordovia, and Chuvash Republic. The second type of territories characterized by high level of risk, where the PEH was 5 points – Samara, Ulyanovsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Saratov, Orenburg regions and the Republic of Mari El. The territories in which there is an increased risk of HFRS infection cover the territory of the Penza Region (PEH – 4 points). The average risk of infection was noted only in the Perm Region (PEH – 3 points). Prompt implementation of a complex of nonspecific preventive measures at sites with a pronounced increase in the potential epidemic hazard of HFRS infection will significantly reduce the incidence rate in the VFD and the Russian Federation as a whole.

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Epidemiological Zoning of the Volga Federal District Territory by the Level of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Natural Foci

Иванова

Сафронов

Попов

et al. 2020

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Epidemiological Features of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) Outbreak in the Saratov Region in 2019

Иванова

Сафронов

Попов

et al. 2020

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Objective of the study was to identify epidemiological peculiarities of HFRS outbreak in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019 and to determine the key factors contributing to the intensity of epidemic process.Materials and methods. Analyzed are the data on 2702 cases of HFRS registered in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019, obtained from the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Saratov Region and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Saratov Region. The basic method of investigation was epidemiological one with application of advanced information technologies.Results and discussion. Retrospective analysis of epidemic HFRS manifestations in the Saratov Region showed that HFRS outbreak of 2019 was the largest over the period of disease reporting, both by the number of cases (2702) and by the duration. Early onset of increase in the incidence (may) and allocation of the majority of cases to the territory of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana”(75 %) should be considered as characteristic features of the outbreak. We have conducted epidemiological zoning of the Saratov Region allowing for dividing the Region into four types of territories which differ by the level of risk of HFRS exposure (very high, high, medium, and low), as well as distinguishing the most hazardous in terms of HFRS infection territories of Saratov. The key factors affecting the surge in HFRS cases were high numbers of infected rodents during spring months of 2019 due to mild and extremely snowy winter of 2018–2019; reduction in forest engineering works aimed at turning the focal territory into aesthetic forestry. The change in the character of exploitation of 9 % of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana” resulted in the increase of population contacts with natural-focal complexes. Mass visits to natural focus during early spring period against the background of low alertness to risks of HFRS infection led to explosive growth of HFRS incidence.

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Differentiation of endemic areas by incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases as the basis for choosing prevention strategy and tactics

Рудаков¹,

Пеньевская²,

Савельев³

et al. 2019

PH&LE

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Research objective. Differentiation of natural focal areas of Western Siberia by integral incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases for determination of the strategy and tactics of their comprehensive prevention. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of official statistics for the period 2002-2018 for eight sub-federal units in the context of administrative territories was carried out. The criteria of differentiation were determined by means of three evaluation scales, including long-term mean rates of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis, and Siberian tick-borne typhus. As a scale gradation tool, we used the number of sample elements between the confidence boundaries of the median. The integral assessment was carried out by the sum of points corresponding to the incidence rates for each of the analyzed infections. Results. The areas of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of tick-borne infectious diseases were determined. Recommendations on the choice of prevention strategy and tactics were given. In areas of very high and high incidence rates, a combination of population-based and individual prevention strategies is preferable while in other areas a combination of high-risk and individual strategies is recommended. Discussion. Epidemiologic zoning should be the basis of a risk-based approach to determining optimal volumes and directions of preventive measures against natural focal infections. It is necessary to improve the means and methods of determining the individual risk of getting infected and developing tick-borne infectious diseases in case of bites, in view of mixed infection of vectors, as well as methods of post-exposure disease prevention (preventive therapy).

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Chorological Structure of natural focal infections in the Asian part of the Russian Federation

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiological Zoning of the Volga Federal District Territory by the Level of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Natural Foci

Epidemiological Zoning of the Volga Federal District Territory by the Level of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Natural Foci

Epidemiological Features of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) Outbreak in the Saratov Region in 2019

Differentiation of endemic areas by incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases as the basis for choosing prevention strategy and tactics

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