Chromatographic Analyses of Isoaccepting tRNAs from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

Gallagher, Robert E.; Gallo, Robert C.

doi:10.1128/jvi.12.3.449-457.1973

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The 4S RNA found in RNA tumor virus particles represents a selected class of host tRNA molecules (5,11,15,29,36,38,41,44,46,47). Since the tRNA composition of different retroviruses diverges much more than that of their corresponding hosts (40,47), it seems clear that tRNA selection is a virus-specified function (29,40).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of polymerase mutations on packaging of primer tRNAPro during murine leukemia virus assembly

Levin¹,

Seidman²

1981

J Virol

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The role of reverse transcriptase in selective encapsidation of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) tRNA primer, tRNAp, was investigated by eminig the tRNA composition of several nonconditional pol mutants. One mutant, clone 23, which contains an altered polymerase about 40% smaller than the wild-type enzyme (B. I. Gerwin et al., J. Virol. 31:741-751, 1979) had a typical viral tRNA pattem, including normal levels of tRNAP"t in free and 70S-associated 4S RNA. Another class of mutants, produced by Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected cell clone M13 and subclone M13/1, does not contain any detectable polymerase protein (A. Shields et al., Cell 14:601-609, 1978) and was found to have reduced amounts of tRNAP' in free 4S RNA. However, the level of tRNA' associated with the genome was nornal in the mutant virions. These results suggest that the reverse transcriptase protein is involved in the initial selection of tRNA primer during virus assembly, but not in the subsequent association of this tRNA with genomic RNA.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of polymerase mutations on packaging of primer tRNAPro during murine leukemia virus assembly

Levin¹,

Seidman²

1981

J Virol

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“…RNA tumor viruses contain significant amounts of 4S RNA (5, 7,18). This 4S RNA exhibits amino acid acceptor activity (7,9,16,22, 51, 53, 54) and consists of approximately 15 different tRNA species (40,44). Interestingly, all of the virion-associated tRNA's are derived from the host (1, 5,7,18,57).…”

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Selective Packaging of Host tRNA's by Murine Leukemia Virus Particles Does Not Require Genomic RNA

Levin

Seidman

1979

J Virol

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The 4S RNA contained in RNA tumor virus particles consists of a selected population of host tRNA's. However, the mechanism by which virions select host tRNA's has not been elucidated. We have considered a model which specifies that 35S genomic RNA determines which tRNA's are to be encapsidated as well as the relative amounts of these tRNA's within the virion. The model was tested by comparing the free 4S RNA composition of normal murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles and noninfectious virions from actinomycin D (ActD)-treated cells, which are deficient in genomic RNA (ActD virions). Viral 4S RNA was analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Surprisingly, the patterns obtained for control and ActD 4S RNA were identical to each other and were clearly distinct from the cell 4S RNA pattern. The viral patterns had three prominent areas of radioactivity. One of the spots was identified on the basis of its oligonucleotide fingerprint as tRNA Pro , the primer for MuLV RNA-directed DNA synthesis. These results were obtained with two different MuLV strains, AKR and Moloney, each grown in SC-1 cells. The demonstration that ActD virions contain primer tRNA and in general exhibit the characteristic MuLV tRNA pattern rather than the complete representation of cell 4S RNA leads to the conclusion that genomic RNA is not the major determinant in selective packaging of host tRNA's. A possible role for one or more viral proteins, including reverse transcriptase, is suggested.

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“…Functional tRNA forms an integral component of the virion particles of RNA tumor viruses (1)(2)(3). Within oncornaviruses this tRNA is divided physically into two separable pools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead a specific selection process is implied from the preferential acquisition of particular tTNA species (5,6). There is a great deal of consistency between the different avian oncornaviruses with regard to the tRNA species they contain, (5,6,3) and in addition other types of virus released by budding from cell membranes have not been found to contain tRNA populations. These facts in combination suggest that these tRNAs are of importance in oncornavirus biology and represent a more than incidental inclusion during viral maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) tRNAMet tRNAMet and tRNAMet might not represent three distinct 2' 3 4 tRNAs but various conformations or modification states, separable by column chromatography, of a single nucleotide sequence. Since AMV is known to carry a methylase enzyme (13) one might envisage that all three tRNAMet forms are encapsulated and that tRNAMet and tRNAMet subsequently become modified to tRNAt 2b e (3) tRNAMet could be preferentially -acquired by oncornaviruses as 4 the result of an unequal distribution of isoacceptor tRNAs within different compartments of the host cell. Acquisition would then reflect the location of the virus within the cell during processes of assembly and maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of methionine tRNAs by avian oncornaviruses

Piper

Elder

1978

Nucl Acids Res

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The free 4S RNA of avian RNA tumor viruses is greatly enriched in one of the four methionine tRNAs of the host cells, tRNA4Met. On the assumption that viral tRNAMet forms are identical to the corresponding tRNAs of mouse or chick cells, the following conclusions were drawn concerning the tRNAMet content of oncornaviruses: (1) tRNAMet species may be compartmentalised within the host cells, and the viral tRNA pool could reflect the cellular compartment in which viral maturation takes place since tRNAMet forms distribute unevenly between different fractions of a cell homogenate. (2) tRNA4Met appears to have no special role in the modulation of protein synthesis in as much as no functional difference between tRNA2Met and tRNA3Met, tRNA4Met could be demonstrated in in vitro protein synthesising systems. (3) tRNA4Met differs in nucleotide sequence from all other host cell tRNAMet forms except possibly tRNA2Met. The nucleotide sequences of two tRNAMet species, tRNA1Met and tRNA4Met, have already been determined and the sequence of another host cell tRNAMet, tRNA3Met, was derived from the analogy of its sequence to that of tRNA4Met since the two molecules differ in only 6 nucleotides out of 76. (4) Avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase has been shown to bind specifically tRNA4Met and tRNATrp in whole cell tRNA and therefore the free tRNA4Met in the virion particle may exist substantially bound to virion-associated transcriptase.

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Chromatographic Analyses of Isoaccepting tRNAs from Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of polymerase mutations on packaging of primer tRNAPro during murine leukemia virus assembly

Effect of polymerase mutations on packaging of primer tRNAPro during murine leukemia virus assembly

Selective Packaging of Host tRNA's by Murine Leukemia Virus Particles Does Not Require Genomic RNA

Selection of methionine tRNAs by avian oncornaviruses

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