Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods for determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and metabolites in body fluids

Histoire du LSD. De l’ergot de seigle à l’utilisation thérapeutique

“…Le buvard peut également être laissé sur ou sous la langue, ou entre la joue et la gencive. D'autres voies d'administrations plus marginales sont connues : sous forme injectée, fumée ou instillée dans l'oeil sous forme liquide [2]. Les illustrations retrouvées à la surface des buvards sont souvent colorées et représentent des formes géométriques, des personnages de bandes dessinées, de cartoons, des divinités hindoues ou même des personnalités.…”

New Synthesis and Characterization of (+)-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Derivatives and the Development of a Microparticle-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of LSD and Its Metabolites

“…An almost equal amount of the dimer was also obtained as a yellow oil: IR (CHCl 3 ) 3445, 2780, 1653, 1627 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 1. 16 Synthesis of 1-[ carbonyl]ergolin-6-yl]-1,5-dioxopentyl]oxy]-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (7,Scheme 3). A solution of 200 mg (0.65 mmol) of nor-LSD in 10 mL of anhydrous THF, under argon, was treated with 161 mg (0.65 mmol) of 5-[(2,5dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]-5-oxopentanoyl chloride (20,21), followed by 0.2 mL (1.4 mmol) of anhydrous triethylamine.…”

“…Under physiological conditions, LSD is rapidly and extensively converted to several known and unknown metabolic products. At present, several metabolites of LSD in the human body, such as N -demethyl-LSD (nor-LSD), 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, 13-hydroxy-LSD, and 14-hydroxy-LSD, have been tentatively identified; yet only one metabolite (nor-LSD) and the parent compound, both excreted at 1% of the total dose, have been conclusively identified ( − ).…”

“…Currently, the measurements of LSD and its metabolites in biological fluids rely on radioimmunoassay methods or HPLC fluorescence methods and very specialized GC/MS/MS methods for confirmation ( − ). These methods produce undesirable radioactive waste or require extensive pretreatment of samples, very specialized equipment, and highly trained personnel.…”

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of LSD, ISO-LSD, and the main metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in forensic samples and application in a forensic case

“…Its best studied effects are the agonistic actions at presynaptic receptors for 5-hydroxy-tryptamine in the midbrain [1,5]. LSD is an illegal drug commonly referred to as "acid" and it does not occur in nature but is easily prepared from ergotamine and related ergot alkaloids [6]. LSD is colourless, odourless and tasteless and primarily found on blotter paper [1][2][3][4][5].…”