Chromatographic Fingerprinting and Food Identity/Quality: Potentials and Challenges

Abstract

Chromatograms are a valuable source of information about the chemical composition of the food being analyzed. Sometimes, this information is not explicit and appears in a hidden or not obvious way. Thus, the use of chemometric tools and data-mining methods to extract it is required. The fingerprint provided by a chromatogram offers the possibility to perform both identity and quality testing of foodstuffs. This perspective is aimed at providing an updated opinion of chromatographic fingerprinting methodology in the field of food authentication. Furthermore, the limitations, its absence in official analytical methods, and the future directions of this methodology are discussed.

Recent developments of e-sensing devices coupled to data processing techniques in food quality evaluation: a critical review

“…So the spirit of “e-nose” and “rapid analysis” tends to give way to a more specific approach for identifying the volatiles characterizing the samples. A reader interested in fingerprinting approaches based on the implementation of HSS-GC-MS type configurations with various HSS extraction methodologies can refer to reviews published by Cuadros-Rodríguez et al 68 and Górska-Horczyczak et al 69…”

“…So the spirit of "e-nose" and "rapid analysis" tends to give way to a more specic approach for identifying the volatiles characterizing the samples. A reader interested in ngerprinting approaches based on the implementation of HSS-GC-MS type congurations with various HSS extraction methodologies can refer to reviews published by Cuadros-Rodríguez et al 68 and Górska-Horczyczak et al 69 4.1.2 Metal oxide sensors (MOSs). E-nose sensors based on a MOS semiconductor consist of several metal oxide sensors, forming a row of transistors from which a small part of the surface available for gas deposition is covered by a metal (Pt, Ir, and Pd) playing the role of an oxidation catalyst.…”

Untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for food authentication: A review

“…The main goal of data acquisition is to generate variables, deriving from the collected samples to downstream biomarker discovery. The data acquisition in untargeted metabolomics studies based on LC‐MS generally comprises three main procedures, starting with sample preparation to extract the compounds into a format compatible with the given instrument analysis, followed by instrument analysis to acquire instrumental fingerprints of individual test samples (Cuadros‐Rodríguez et al., 2021), and ending up with data preprocessing to extract variables and generate data matrixes from raw data acquired by the instrument analysis (Ellis et al., 2012).…”

Using HPLC with In-Column Derivatization to Authenticate Coffee Samples

“…Authentication of the coffee can be achieved by developing a test that establishes a chemical fingerprint or, more accurately, a chemical signature of the sample, which can then be used to characterize the sample according to unique features, either through data mining or chemometric tools [ 9 ]. Food fingerprinting techniques for authentication and quality control have proven useful in traceability and have been used extensively for various foods [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”