Chromatographic Reactors Based on Biological Activity

Abstract

In the last decade there were many papers published on the study of enzyme catalyzed reactions performed in so-called chromatographic reactors. The attractive feature of such systems is that during the course of the reaction the compounds are already separated, which can drive the reaction beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium as well as remove putative inhibitors. In this chapter, an overview of such chromatographic bioreactor systems is given. Besides, some immobilization techniques to improve enzyme activity are discussed together with modern chromatographic supports with improved hydrodynamic characteristics to be used in this context.

Enzyme immobilization on epoxy‐ and 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐activated methacrylate‐based monoliths

“…Numerous approaches for linking proteins to solid supports such as crosslinking, adsorption to a solid matrix, adsorption onto a solid matrix with subsequent crosslinking, entrapment in solid matrix, and covalent binding have already been demonstrated [1]. Covalent binding to a solid support is one of the preferred immobilization methodologies because it prevents leaking and combines the high selectivity of the reaction with the chemical and mechanical properties of the support.…”

Drug affinity to immobilized target bio-polymers by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

“…amount of immobilized enzyme) D drug D f free drug IC 50 inhibitor concentration which reduces 50% of enzyme maximum velocity k capacity factor K a association constant K d dissociation constant K i inhibition constant L ligand m L app apparent moles of analyte that are required to saturate the column m L total binding capacity of the immobilized protein P protein R receptor t 0 chromatographic retention time of a non-retained solute t drug chromatographic retention time of the drug…”

“…Monoliths are considered as a novel generation of stationary phases whose special feature is the fast separation and enzymatic conversion due to lack of diffusion resistance during mass transfer [49][50][51]. Moreover, the large throughpores of monolithic materials allow high-speed analysis and low back pressures and consequently enable the coupling of the enzymatic column with an analytical column.…”

Enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from milk and whey proteins

“…This approach has the advantage of simultaneous removal of the products during the reaction, which favours thermodynamic equilibrium towards the products and, as the separation is performed during the reaction step, no additional purification is required, reducing production costs (Podgornik and Tennikova, 2002). This approach has the advantage of simultaneous removal of the products during the reaction, which favours thermodynamic equilibrium towards the products and, as the separation is performed during the reaction step, no additional purification is required, reducing production costs (Podgornik and Tennikova, 2002).…”