Chromatographic separation of germanium and arsenic for the production of high purity 77As

Gott, Matthew; DeGraffenreid, Anthony J.; Feng, Yutian; Phipps, Michael D.; Wycoff, Donald E.; Embree, Mary; Cutler, Cathy S.; Ketring, Alan R.; Jurisson, Silvia S.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.074

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An alternative radiochemical separation is based on selective and quantitative extraction of As(III) in an organic phase followed by back extraction done with a H 2 O 2 solution . Further methods were developed using thin‐layer chromatography, column chromatography, distillation, or solid‐phase extraction . Recently, a high‐performance liquid chromatography separation by an anion exchange column was used to isolate nca radioarsenic …”

Section: As and 74asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Neumaier

2017

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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The increasing importance of the positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical diagnosis led to the development of a multitude of radiotracers labelled with positron‐emitting radionuclides of groups 15 (pnicogens) and 16 (chalcogens) of the periodic table of elements. The positron emitters of the endogenous occurring elements nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and sulphur are characterized by very short half‐lives compared with the most commonly used PET radionuclides carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18. Therefore, the potential of their synthesis and possible applications in PET is challenging and limited. On the other hand, the nonstandard positron emitters arsenic‐72, arsenic‐74, and selenium‐73 have half‐lives in the range of hours to days and, thus, are of interest for PET studies of processes with long biological half‐lives, but novel methods have to be developed for their application, especially in the no‐carrier‐added state. This review summarizes recent research concerning the positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens for radiolabelling applications.

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Section: As and 74asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Neumaier

2017

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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“…In the previous method [1] using silica gel and methanol, nca 77 As was eluted at a reasonable yield (74 ± 11%) in 4 mL and the loading capacity was 210.9 MBq (5.7 mCi) of 77 As/ 76,77 Ge resulting in 74 MBq (2 mCi) of nca 77 As while little to no 77 Ge breakthrough was observed. [1] Currently at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), approximately 444 MBq (12 mCi) of 77 As is produced from enriched 76 GeO 2 targets (98% enrichment, 3~5 mg of size) per target per irradiation (1 week irradiation time). Potential production scale-up can be achieved with increased target sizes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The separation of nca 77 As from the germanium target was done following a described procedure and carried out at approximately 26 h post irradiation to allow the 77 As to grow to its maximum amount. [1] After being transferred from a sealed quartz vial to a glass vial, the 76 parameters were optimized. The amount of silica gel was increased to 1 g to meet the requirements because the loading volume increased from 250 μL to 1 mL (total target solution volume).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fast and straightforward method of producing nca 77 As has been reported. [1] The upgrade and improved separation based on this method will be discussed in Chapter 2. For 72 As, two production approaches have been reported: the one time production from 72 Ge via 72 Ge(p,n) 72 As nuclear reaction; a generator production of 72 As via the 72 Se/ 72 As transient equilibrium.…”

Section: Conclusion and Outline Of Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A chromatographic separation of nca 77 As from the germanium target was reported previously using silica gel as the stationary phase and methanol as the mobile phase. [1] Improvements were necessary because 77 Ge breakthrough might occur when the loading volume exceeded 250 μL. Different mobile phases and bed volumes of the silica gel resin were evaluated to improve the scale of the separation and produce nca 77 As with optimal radiochemical yield.…”

Section: Conclusion and Outline Of Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arsenic-72, 77 as a matched pair radiopharmaceutical for imaging and radiotherapy

Feng¹

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Radiopharmaceuticals deliver radionuclides to specific target sites via the bifunctional chelate approach, where the radionuclides are chelated with a ligand and linked to a targeting biomolecule. They can be categorized as imaging or therapeutic agents based on the physical properties of the radionuclides. Matched pair radionuclides have advantages because of identical chemistry of the imaging and therapy counterparts and true matched pair radionuclides are rare (e.g., 64,67Cu, 44,47Sc, 135,131I). Radioimmunoimaging and therapy commonly use antibodies (or antibody fragments) as targeting biomolecules, and may take a few days to accumulate in tumor cells. Thus they require radionuclides with longer half-lives. Arsenic-72 ([beta]+, 26 hour half-life) and 77As ([beta]- emitter, 38.8 hour half-life) have suitable physical properties as a true matched pair for radioimaging and therapy. This dissertation focuses on the development of 72,77As matched pair for potential PET imaging and radiotherapy. ... The production and separation of no carrier added (nca) 72,77As will be discussed in Chapter 2. No carrier added 77As separation was improved based on the reported method by decreasing the operation time and increasing capacity based on reported method.[1] The parameters for a 72Se/72As generator were evaluated and nca 72Se was produced via the 70Ge([alpha], 2n)72Se nuclear reaction, separated and loaded onto a generator column. Further evaluations are underway. Radiochemistry of nca 72,77As will be discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 since two chelating approaches were evaluated. The aryl dithiol approach incorporates an aryl ring to nca radioarsenic and complexes it with dithiol ligands. After various modifications and optimizations, radiolabeling nca 72,77As affording dithioarylarsines were accomplished in high yields. The trithiol approach complexes nca 72,77As with a trithiol chelate. Its in vivo stability was evaluated by conjugating the trithiol chelate to a Bombesin receptor targeting peptide and investigating its biodistribution in normal mice. An improved trithiol chelate was proposed and synthesized based on the high in vivo stability but poor targeting efficacy of the initial trithiol complex.

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Emerging Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Theranostic Pairs

Carbo-Bague

Ramogida

2021

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Nuclear medicine is a rapidly evolving multidisciplinary research field that has been intensively investigated in the past decades. The successful clinical application of various metal‐based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and therapy is based on the modular assembly of the drug complex through the popular bifunctional chelate (BFC) strategy. In targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), potent radiation is selectively delivered to the cancer cells using radiopharmaceuticals that incorporate therapeutic radiometals which emit α ‐particles, β − ‐particles, or Meitner–Auger electrons (MAEs). Radiotheranostics is an emerging concept that connects nuclear imaging (via positron emission tomography (PET) or single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)) and therapy for personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article outlines the fundamentals of radiopharmaceutical design and radiotheranostics and presents a general description of the therapeutic emissions accompanied by literature examples of the most promising radionuclides; 212 Pb, 213 Bi, 225 Ac, 227 Th, and 149 Tb for α therapy; 47 Sc, 67 Cu, 77 As, and 161 Tb for β − therapy; and 119 Sb, 135 La, and 197m/g Hg for MAE therapy. A comparison of the currently used or proposed theranostic pairs of each radiometal is presented.

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Chromatographic separation of germanium and arsenic for the production of high purity 77As

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens

Arsenic-72, 77 as a matched pair radiopharmaceutical for imaging and radiotherapy

Emerging Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Theranostic Pairs

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