Chromatographic separation of some cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes of the sheep rumen Ciliate Epidinium caudatum

Clayet, F.; Sénaud, J.; Bohatier, Jacques

doi:10.1051/animres:19920141

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with our results, replacing 100% of wheat straw by mung bean straw in the diet of finishing lambs significantly increased the total rumen protozoa population , Entodinium and Ophryoscolex population, and, similarly, decreased the Diplodinium and Epidinium populations (Mehramiri et al, ). Clayet, Senuard, and Bohatier () reported that some species of the rumen Epidinium protozoa population, which have cellulose degradation activity, were more in fibrous diets, which is not consistent with our results. In the present experiment, Epidinium was observed less in diets with higher NDF and ADF digestibility (Table ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Use of post‐harvest common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues in diet of lambs and its effect on finishing performance, rumen fermentation, protozoa population and meat characteristics

Eynipour

Chaji

Sari

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the replacement value of common bean residues in the diet of finishing lambs as an inexpensive fodder instead of wheat straw or maize silage. Forty Arabi male lambs with average body weight of 18.90 ± 0.6 kg were randomly divided into five treatments with eight replications. The five experimental treatments consisted of control diet, and 50% and 100% replacement of bean residues with wheat straw or 25% and 50% replacement with maize silage in the control diet respectively. Lambs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to evaluate carcass traits and meat characteristics. Dry matter intake, blood glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were not affected by the experimental treatments. Apparent digestibility of nutrients; total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate; and total rumen protozoa population were linearly increased by increasing the levels of bean residues, as replacement with wheat straw (p < .05). Replacement of bean residues in control diets instead of wheat straw or maize silage caused a positive linear incremental trend for average daily gain and total weight gain. There was no significant difference in daily gain, final weight and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. Instead of wheat straw or maize silage, replacement bean residues linearly increased chewing, ruminating and eating activities per neutral detergent fibre intake (p < .05). Carcass traits and physicochemical characteristics of meat were not affected by the treatments. It is advisable to use bean residues in the diet of lambs as an alternative to the wheat straw or maize silage, because no adverse effects were observed on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and performance; moreover, improvement in average daily gain, total weight gain and digestibility of nutrients, and the fact that bean residue is less expensive than wheat straw and maize silage.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Use of post‐harvest common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues in diet of lambs and its effect on finishing performance, rumen fermentation, protozoa population and meat characteristics

Eynipour

Chaji

Sari

2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus it has been difficult to establish conclusively a role of ciliate protozoa in the rumen and specifically fiber degradation. Early studies sought to isolate and characterize cellulose, hemicellulase and xylanase enzymes from washed protozoal preparations ( Howard et al, 1960 ; Bailey et al, 1962 ; Clayet et al, 1992 ), however the presence of both extra and intra cellular symbiotic bacteria in protozoal preparations made it difficult to be sure that the isolated activity was truly of protozoal origin ( Delfosse-Debusscher et al, 1979 ; Thines-Sempoux et al, 1980 ). We developed techniques to clone and express ciliate genes in λ phage ( Eschenlauer et al, 1998 ), using FISH to confirm the protozoal identity of the expressed genes ( Newbold et al, 2005 ) and developing bioinformatic indices to confirm the ciliate origin of the genes ( McEwan et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Functional Genes In Rumen Ciliate Protozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

First described in 1843, Rumen protozoa with their striking appearance were assumed to be important for the welfare of their host. However, despite contributing up to 50% of the bio-mass in the rumen, the role of protozoa in rumen microbial ecosystem remains unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA libraries generated from the rumen of cattle, sheep, and goats has revealed an unexpected diversity of ciliated protozoa although variation in gene copy number between species makes it difficult to obtain absolute quantification. Despite repeated attempts it has proven impossible to maintain rumen protozoa in axenic culture. Thus it has been difficult to establish conclusively a role of ciliate protozoa in rumen fiber degradation. The development of techniques to clone and express ciliate genes in λ phage, together with bioinformatic indices to confirm the ciliate origin of the genes has allowed the isolation and characterization of fibrolytic genes from rumen protozoa. Elimination of the ciliate protozoa increases microbial protein supply by up to 30% and reduces methane production by up to 11%. Our recent findings suggest that holotrich protozoa play a disproportionate role in supporting methanogenesis whilst the small Entodinium are responsible for much of the bacterial protein turnover. As yet no method to control protozoa in the rumen that is safe and practically applicable has been developed, however a range of plant extract capable of controlling if not completely eliminating rumen protozoa have been described.

show abstract