Chromium supplementation alters both glucose and lipid metabolism in feedlot cattle during the receiving period1, 2, 3

Abstract

Crossbred steers (n = 20; 235 ± 4 kg) were fed for 53 d during a receiving period to determine if supplementing chromium (Cr; KemTRACE Chromium Propionate 0.04%, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) would alter glucose or lipid metabolism of newly received cattle. Chromium premixes were supplemented to add 0 (Con) or 0.2 mg/kg of Cr to the total diet on a DM basis. Cattle were fitted with jugular catheters on d 52. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) and an insulin sensitivity test (IST) were conducted on d 53. Blood samples were collected from -60 to 150 min relative to each infusion. Serum was isolated to determine glucose, insulin, and NEFA concentrations. Throughout GTT, no differences were detected in glucose concentrations, glucose clearance rates (k), or preinfusion insulin concentrations (P > 0.50), but insulin concentrations postinfusion tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for the Cr-supplemented steers. This caused an increase in the insulin to glucose ratio (I:G) from 0 to 150 min postinfusion for the Cr-supplemented steers (P = 0.03). In addition, NEFA concentrations during GTT were lower (P ≤ 0.01) for Cr-supplemented steers both preinfusion and postinfusion. During IST, there was no treatment effect on glucose concentrations preinfusion (P = 0.38), but postinfusion glucose concentrations were greater (P< 0.01) in the Cr-supplemented steers. The k of Cr-supplemented steers tended (P = 0.06) to be faster than Con steers from 30 to 45 min postinfusion. During the same test, there was no treatment effect detected for insulin concentrations (P > 0.33). The I:G were not affected by treatment (P > 0.40).Concentrations of NEFA were reduced (P < 0.01) both preinfusion and postinfusion during IST for Cr-supplemented steers. Results of this study indicate that supplementation of Cr can significantly alter lipid metabolism. This suggests that these steers had less dependence on lipid metabolism for energy or sensitivity of adipose tissue to antilipolytic signals was reduced. Results of glucose and insulin metabolism were inconsistently modified after a GTT and an IST.

Supplementing an immunomodulatory feed ingredient to modulate thermoregulation, physiologic, and production responses in lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions

“…Increased circulating insulin concentrations without similar changes in circulating glucose and NEFA can be associated with reduced insulin sensitivity in cows gaining BCS (Leiva et al, 2015). Yet, I:G was similar between SUPP and CON cows, which is used to estimate insulin sensitivity in dairy cattle (Bernhard et al, 2012). Consequently, it can be concluded that increased DMI of SUPP cows were not sufficient to affect serum concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and IGF-I, but resulted in greater serum insulin concentrations and BCS change compared with CON cohorts as cows from both treatments were likely at their maximum milk yield potential (Leiva et al, 2015.…”

“…Insulin-to-glucose ratio (I:G) was determined by dividing insulin and glucose concentrations within each sampling time (Bernhard et al, 2012). The intra-and interassay CV were, respectively, 3.1 and 4.3% for glucose, 4.3 and 3.5% for NEFA, and 2.0 and 4.8% for haptoglobin.…”

Effects of excessive energy intake and supplementation with chromium propionate on insulin resistance parameters, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of lactating dairy cows

“…Blood samples were collected weekly, prior to (0 h) and at 2 and 4 h after the morning concentrate feeding during the experiment for determination of serum glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 0 h only) concentrations. Insulin to glucose ratio (I:G) was determined by dividing insulin and glucose concentrations within each sampling time (Bernhard et al, 2012). Concentrations of glucose, NEFA, and insulin obtained prior to feeding (0 h) were used to determine pre-prandial revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI).…”

Effects of Supplemental Chromium Source and Concentration on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Lipid Parameters of Broilers Reared Under Normal Conditions

“…Most of Cr in the previous studies with organic Cr was added as the form of CrPic [17]. Chromium propionate (CrPro) is the only source currently permitted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for supplementation to cattle diets, and it can be supplemented at levels up to 0.5 mg of Cr/kg diet [18]. However, only few studies have been designed to evaluate the effects of CrPro supplementation on productive performance of broilers especially under the normal rearing conditions.…”