Phase-contrast x-ray imaging using an x-ray interferometer has great potential to reveal the structures inside soft tissues, because the sensitivity of this method to hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen is about 1000 times higher than that of the absorption-contrast x-ray method. In this study, we used phase-contrast X-ray CT to investigate human resected esophagogastric junction. This technology revealed the three-layer structure of the esophagogastric junction wall-mucous, submucosa and muscular layers. The mucous and muscular layers were clearly separated by a loose submucosa layer with a honeycomb appearance. The shape of the mucous and muscular layers was intact. The boundary between the mucous and submucosa layers was distinct, as was the border of the muscular and submucosa layers. The surface of the esophagogastric junction was displayed clearly through 3D reconstruction. The technology might be helpful in the diagnosis of esophagogastric junction lesion, especially for the early adenocarcinoma.The esophagogastric junction (OGJ) is located between the oesophagus and the stomach. It is a highly specialized anatomical region that is often difficult to understand 1 . The esophagogastric junction is important that backflow of stomach secretions into the oesophagus is controlled at the OGJ opening only transiently to allow passage of the swallowed food into the stomach. The diaphragmatic hiatus, through which the oesophagus passes at the OGJ, has a role in this valvular mechanism 2,3 . Its dynamic action is dependant upon the intrinsic and extrinsic effects of its own anatomical structure and its position with respect to the surrounding organs in this region of the body 4 .Several structures are important in maintaining a barrier at the OGJ. The lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) forms part of the OGJ structure. The intrinsic muscles of the distal oesophagus and the sling fibers of the proximal stomach make up the internal mechanism structures of the LOS. The muscles of the diaphragm hat connect to the OGJ make up the crural diaphragm and this constitutes the external LOS mechanism structures. The tissue that connects the distal oesophagus to the crural diaphragm is known as the phreno-oesophageal ligament 5 .The OGJ can be distinguished from the body of the oesophagus by its behavior pattern. There is an increase in the tone of the circular muscle in this region. The sphincter relaxes in response to a swallow and this usually precedes the arrival of a contraction wave travelling down the oesophagus. This phase of relaxation is followed by a short-lasting elevation of pressure above resting values. In recent years