Chromosomal and Nuclear Alterations in the Root Tip Cells of Vicia faba Induced by Sodium Chloride

Abstract

Despite the well-known toxic effect of chloride sodium (NaCl), only few studies analyze its genotoxic effect on crops. Micronucleus assay is an efficient tool for the measure of chromosomal DNA damages. Based on this test, the effects of salt on micronucleus induction, and on chromosome and nucleus changes, were investigated in Vicia faba root tips treated with NaCl (electrical conductivity = 25 dS/m) during 24 hours. V. faba meristematic cells showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei compared with the control. Micronucleus size varied from small to large and appeared at different stages of mitosis. Moreover, different chromosomal aberrations like breaks, bridges, rings, vagrant, and lagging chromosomes, were observed in the metaphase, the anaphase, and the telophase. In addition, nuclear alterations in the interphase were characterized by the presence of binucleated cells, strap nuclei with lesions, hyperchromasia, buds, and nuclei with irregular shapes and lesions.

Effets génotoxiques de l’irrigation à long-terme par des eaux usées traitées : cas du périmètre Cebala- Borj Touil

“…De tels signes ont été observés dans plusieurs travaux sous stress salin ou métallique. Le caractère génotoxique attribué à la salinité a été, récemment, signalé dans les travaux de Teerarak et al (2009) et Souguir et al (2018), testant les effets de de 13 et 25 dS m -1 de NaCl sur les graines d'Allium cepa et V. faba. La baisse du nombre de cellules en division, la forte induction de micronoyaux et l'apparition des anomalies chromosomiques et nucléaires ont suivi l'exposition à ce type de stress.…”

Using Sugarcane Waste to Reduce Cytogenetic Impairment in Vicia faba

“…While samples treated with 300mM NaCl exhibited a remarkable decrease in the total aberration value (14.1) sponsored to the reduction of cell division. Souguir et al (2018) reported that, stickiness is known as an irreparable chromosome abnormality, an indicator of toxicity and eventually a cause of cell death. This anomaly is one of chromatid type aberrations and is credited to many factors such as the entanglement of the inter-chromosomal chromatin fibers, the degradation or depolymerization of chromosomal DNA.…”

“…Though, others esteem it as a result of spindle disorder (Gaulden, 1987;Khanna & Sharma, 2013). Stickiness, caused by the NaCl treatment, may be ascribed to abnormal DNA condensation, abnormal chromosome twining, entanglement of inter-chromosomal chromatin fibers or an amendment in specific proteins such as topoisomerase II and the peripheral proteins (Souguir et al, 2018). Chromosomal aberrations include structural aberrations (clastogenesis) and spindle malfunction which affects chromosome number (aneugenesis).…”

“…NaCl may bind onto tubulin and may either inhibit tubulin assemblage or cause the depolymerization of the previously gathered microtubules. As a consequence of microtubule disturbance, the mitotic spindle does not form, instigating a misalignment and chromosome nondisjunction during mitosis (Souguir et al, 2018).…”

Cellular Toxicity of Aluminum in Root Tips of <i>Vicia faba</i> L.

“…It has been well known that Al toxicity is performed primarily by inhibition of root growth, and the root meristem is one of the most sensitive sites to Al toxicity [8]. Generally, Vicia faba is used in many laboratories because it has many advantages, such as low cost, short test time, ease of storage and handling, large cells, and ease of observing abnormal phenomena in chromosome, nucleus, and nucleolus during mitosis [9][10][11].…”